DAPHNIS ET ALCIMADURE
by Jean de La Fontaine · from Fables de La Fontaine
Adapted Version
Alcimadure was a pretty girl. But she was not kind. She ran in the woods. She danced in the fields. Alcimadure did not like love. She only liked her own way. She was not kind to people.
A kind shepherd named Daphnis loved Alcimadure. He loved her very much. He wanted her to love him. But Alcimadure did not see Daphnis. She did not care about him. She did not give him one kind look.
Daphnis was very sad. He was very, very sad. Alcimadure did not love him. His heart felt broken. He could not live. He walked to Alcimadure's house. He wanted to be near her.
It was Alcimadure's birthday. She was inside with friends. Daphnis knocked on her door. She did not open the door. She did not want to see him. She did not care.
Daphnis spoke to the wind. He said, "I love Alcimadure." He asked for help. "Make a small stone for me," he said. "It will show my love."
Daphnis was so sad. His heart stopped beating. He fell down. He slept for good.
Alcimadure came out of her house. She wore pretty clothes. She was very happy. She did not care about Daphnis. She did not cry for him. She said mean things about Love's magic.
That night, Alcimadure danced. Her friends danced too. They danced around a statue. It was a statue of Love's magic. They laughed at Love's magic.
Then, a big light came. It came from the sky. Love's magic was very strong. Alcimadure fell down. A voice came from the sky. The voice said, "She is not unkind."
Alcimadure's spirit went away. It went to a dark, sad place. There, she saw Daphnis's spirit. He was there too.
Alcimadure wanted to say sorry. She wanted to say sorry to Daphnis. But Daphnis's spirit did not look. He did not look at her. He did not say a thing. He still felt very sad. He could not forgive her.
It is good to be kind to others. It is not good to be mean.
Original Story
DAPHNIS ET ALCIMADURE.
Imitation de Théocrite
A MADAME DE LA MÉSANGÈRE.
Aimable fille d’une mère
A qui seule aujourd’hui mille cœurs font la cour,
Sans ceux que l’amitié rend soigneux de vous plaire,
Et quelques-uns encor que vous garde l’amour,
Je ne puis qu’en cette préface
Je ne partage entre elle et vous
Un peu de cet encens qu’on recueille au Parnasse,
Et que j’ai le secret de rendre exquis et doux.
Je vous dirai donc... Mais tout dire,
Ce seroit trop; il faut choisir,
Ménageant ma voix et ma lyre,
Qui bientôt vont manquer de force et de loisir.
Je louerai seulement un cœur plein de tendresse,
Ces nobles sentiments, ces grâces, cet esprit:
Vous n’auriez en cela ni maître ni maîtresse,
Sans celle dont sur vous l’éloge rejaillit.
Gardez d’environner ces roses
De trop d’épines, si jamais
L’Amour vous dit les mêmes choses.
Il les dit mieux que je ne fais;
Aussi sait-il punir ceux qui ferment l’oreille
A ses conseils. Vous l’allez voir.
Jadis une jeune merveille
Méprisoit de ce dieu le souverain pouvoir.
On l’appeloit Alcimadure:
Fier et farouche objet, toujours courant aux bois,
Toujours sautant aux prés, dansant sur la verdure,
Et ne connoissant autres lois
Que son caprice; au reste, égalant les plus belles,
Et surpassant les plus cruelles;
N’ayant trait qui ne plût, pas même en ses rigueurs:
Quelle l’eût-on trouvée au fort de ses faveurs!
Le jeune et beau Daphnis, berger de noble race,
L’aima pour son malheur: jamais la moindre grâce
Ni le moindre regard, le moindre mot enfin,
Ne lui fut accordé par ce cœur inhumain.
Las de continuer une poursuite vaine,
Il ne songea plus qu’à mourir.
Le désespoir le fit courir
A la porte de l’inhumaine.
Hélas! ce fut aux vents qu’il raconta sa peine;
On ne daigna lui faire ouvrir
Cette maison fatale, où, parmi ses compagnes,
L’ingrate, pour le jour de sa nativité,
Joignoit aux fleurs de sa beauté
Les trésors des jardins et des vertes campagnes.
J’espérois, cria-t-il, expirer à vos yeux;
Mais je vous suis trop odieux,
Et ne m’étonne pas qu’ainsi que tout le reste
Vous me refusiez même un plaisir si funeste;
Mon père, après ma mort, et je l’en ai chargé,
Doit mettre à vos pieds l’héritage
Que votre cœur a négligé.
Je veux que l’on y joigne aussi le pâturage,
Tous mes troupeaux, avec mon chien;
Et que du reste de mon bien
Mes compagnons fondent un temple
Où votre image se contemple,
Renouvelant de fleurs l’autel à tout moment;
J’aurai près de ce temple un simple monument;
On gravera sur la bordure:
«Daphnis mourut d’amour. Passant, arrête-toi,
«Pleure, et dis: Celui-ci succomba sous la loi
«De la cruelle Alcimadure.»
A ces mots, par la Parque il se sentit atteint:
Il auroit poursuivi; la douleur le prévint.
Son ingrate sortit triomphante et parée.
On voulut, mais en vain, l’arrêter un moment
Pour donner quelques pleurs au sort de son amant:
Elle insulta toujours au fils de Cythérée,
Menant dès ce soir même, au mépris de ses lois,
Ses compagnes danser autour de sa statue.
Le dieu tomba sur elle, et l’accabla du poids:
Une voix sortit de la nue,
Écho redit ces mots dans les airs épandus:
«Que tout aime à présent: l’insensible n’est plus.»
Cependant de Daphnis l’ombre au Styx descendue
Frémit et s’étonna, la voyant accourir.
Tout l’Érèbe entendit cette belle homicide
S’excuser au berger, qui ne daigna l’ouïr
Non plus qu’Ajax Ulysse, et Didon son perfide.
XXVII
Story DNA
Moral
Those who scorn love and show cruelty to others may face a harsh and inescapable fate.
Plot Summary
Alcimadure, a beautiful but cold-hearted maiden, cruelly rejects the love of the noble shepherd Daphnis. Driven to despair, Daphnis dies at her doorstep after making a final plea and leaving his possessions to her. Alcimadure, unrepentant, mocks the god of love, who then strikes her down. In the underworld, Alcimadure attempts to apologize to Daphnis's shade, but he, still scorned, refuses to acknowledge her, leaving her to face the consequences of her past cruelty.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to tragic justice
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
La Fontaine's 'Imitation de Théocrite' indicates a classical Greek influence, drawing on pastoral poetry and mythological themes common in ancient literature. The preface also reflects the social customs of dedicating works to patrons.
Plot Beats (11)
- The story introduces Alcimadure, a beautiful but cruel maiden who scorns love and lives only by her whims.
- Daphnis, a noble shepherd, falls deeply in love with Alcimadure but receives no affection or even acknowledgement from her.
- Driven to despair by her indifference, Daphnis decides to die at Alcimadure's doorstep.
- On Alcimadure's birthday, Daphnis arrives at her house, but she refuses to open the door or see him.
- Daphnis, speaking to the winds, makes a dying wish, leaving his possessions to Alcimadure and requesting a monument to his love with an inscription detailing her cruelty.
- Daphnis dies of a broken heart.
- Alcimadure emerges, adorned and triumphant, and, despite attempts to make her mourn, she insults the god of love.
- That very evening, Alcimadure leads her companions to dance around the god of love's statue in mockery.
- The god of love strikes Alcimadure down, and a voice from the sky announces that the 'insensible' is no more.
- Alcimadure's shade descends to the underworld, where she encounters Daphnis's shade.
- Alcimadure attempts to apologize to Daphnis, but he, like mythical figures scorned in life, refuses to acknowledge her.
Characters
Alcimadure
A young woman of striking beauty, with a lithe and agile build, accustomed to running and dancing in the fields and woods. Her features are captivating, even in their sternness, suggesting a natural grace despite her cold demeanor.
Attire: On her birthday, she is described as "triomphante et parée" (triumphant and adorned), suggesting a festive, perhaps Grecian-inspired, dress. She would likely wear a chiton or peplos made of fine linen or wool, possibly in a light color, adorned with fresh flowers and garlands from the gardens and fields. Her everyday attire would be practical for outdoor activities, perhaps a simpler tunic.
Wants: To maintain her independence and freedom, to reject the constraints of love and societal expectations, and to indulge her own caprices.
Flaw: Her extreme pride and insensitivity to the feelings of others, which ultimately leads to her downfall and transformation.
She begins as a proud and cruel woman who scorns love. She is punished by the god of love, transformed into a loving being, and descends to the Underworld, where she attempts to apologize to Daphnis.
Proud, cruel, insensitive, capricious, independent, beautiful. She scorns love and the affections of others, prioritizing her own desires and freedom.
Daphnis
A young, handsome shepherd of noble birth, likely with a sturdy but graceful build, typical of someone who spends their life tending flocks in the pastoral landscape. His features would convey a sense of deep emotion and suffering due to his unrequited love.
Attire: As a shepherd of noble race, he would wear practical but well-made clothing. A tunic (chiton) of natural linen or wool, perhaps in earthy tones, possibly with a cloak (himation) draped over one shoulder. He might carry a shepherd's crook and wear simple leather sandals.
Wants: To win the love and affection of Alcimadure, and failing that, to express his profound sorrow and make a final plea for her recognition.
Flaw: His overwhelming and unrequited love for Alcimadure, which blinds him to other possibilities and leads him to despair and death.
He begins as a hopeful lover, becomes increasingly desperate due to Alcimadure's rejection, and ultimately dies of a broken heart. His spirit then descends to the Underworld, where he remains unyielding to Alcimadure's later apologies.
Loving, devoted, despairing, persistent (initially), noble, sensitive. He is consumed by his love for Alcimadure and ultimately chooses death over a life without her affection.
The God of Love
As the god of love (implied to be Cupid/Eros), he would be depicted as a beautiful, youthful, and ethereal being, possibly with wings, embodying divine power and beauty.
Attire: Minimal, perhaps a simple sash or drapery of fine, flowing fabric, or entirely nude as often depicted in classical art, emphasizing his divine and ethereal nature.
Wants: To uphold his authority and ensure that love is respected and acknowledged.
Flaw: Not applicable, as he is a powerful deity.
He intervenes to punish Alcimadure for her cruelty and insensitivity, demonstrating his power and ensuring that love prevails.
Powerful, vengeful, just (in his own divine way), sensitive to disrespect. He punishes those who scorn his power and dictates.
Locations
Alcimadure's House
A fatal house where Alcimadure celebrates her birthday with companions, adorned with flowers and treasures from gardens and fields. It is a place of festivity for her, but despair for Daphnis, who is refused entry.
Mood: Indifferent, festive inside, but desolate and tragic outside for Daphnis.
Daphnis makes his final plea and dies of despair at the closed door, while Alcimadure celebrates inside, oblivious or uncaring.
The Woods and Meadows
The natural environment where Alcimadure spends her time, running through woods, leaping in meadows, and dancing on the greenery, embodying her wild and untamed nature.
Mood: Wild, free, vibrant, and initially indifferent to Daphnis's suffering.
This is Alcimadure's domain, where she rejects the conventions of love and spends her days in carefree activity, symbolizing her resistance to Cupid's power.
The Temple of Alcimadure's Image
A simple temple to be built by Daphnis's companions, housing an image of Alcimadure, with an altar constantly renewed with flowers. Daphnis's simple monument will be placed nearby.
Mood: Somber, reverent, a place of eternal, unrequited devotion and remembrance.
This is Daphnis's dying wish, a testament to his enduring love and a place for his memory, ironically dedicated to the woman who caused his death.