What Is in a Name?

by George MacDonald · from The Princess and Curdie

fairy tale transformation mystical Ages 8-14 2191 words 10 min read
Cover: What Is in a Name?

Adapted Version

CEFR A1 Age 5 514 words 3 min Canon 100/100

Peter and Curdie were in a dark cave. Their small lamps shone a little light. They waited a long time. The cave was very dark. Their lamps got very dim. Peter felt scared. Curdie felt scared too. They sat very still.

The lamps went out. It was very dark now. Peter felt scared. Curdie felt scared. They could not see things. All was black. They sat in the dark.

A small green light appeared. It was far away. The light got bigger. It came closer to them. A kind lady stood there. She looked very bright. She looked very good. The cave was full of soft light. Peter and Curdie watched her. They felt happy now.

The Kind Lady talked to Peter. "I know you," she said. "I know you a long time. You work hard." Peter was very surprised. "You are a good man," she said. "You are very special. This is a gift." She smiled at Peter. He felt happy. He felt very glad.

"Your kin is big," she said. "You have royal blood." Peter listened well. "I will teach Curdie." "He has a big job." "It is a big job." "He will help many."

Curdie asked the Kind Lady. "Why do you look new?" "Your look changes." He felt confused. "You have many names." "I do not know." "Please tell me why."

The Kind Lady smiled. "My outside is like a dress," she said. "It is just a name. My inside is the same. It never changes, Curdie. You know me with your heart. Your heart sees me. Bad people see bad. Good people see good. They see my true self."

The Kind Lady touched the cave wall. She took a big green stone. She pulled it out. It was very easy for her. Curdie watched her. He was amazed.

The Kind Lady spoke to Peter. "Curdie must come with me now." Peter looked at Curdie. He trusted the Kind Lady. "Yes," Peter said. "He can go with you." Peter felt a little sad. He knew.

The Kind Lady asked Curdie. "Are you ready for your job?" Curdie was very brave. "Yes, I am ready!" he said. The Kind Lady looked at Curdie. "Know me with your heart," she said. "Do not just look at my face." "My true self is inside." "You must know me always." "I will not give you a sign."

The Kind Lady changed. She became a green light. The light moved forward. It led them out of the cave. Peter and Curdie followed. They were not scared now. The green light showed the way.

They came outside the mine. The green light went away. A woman stood there. She was an old woman. She wore a red coat. Her face was kind.

Curdie looked at her. He knew it was the Lady. The Kind Lady spoke to him. "Meet me alone," she said. "Come next night." "Meet me at the dove tower."

Peter and Curdie went home. They felt happy. They knew the Kind Lady. They knew her better now. Curdie was ready for his job.

Original Story 2191 words · 10 min read

What Is in a Name?

For a time that seemed to them long, the two men stood waiting, while still the Mother of Light did not return. So long was she absent that they began to grow anxious: how were they to find their way from the natural hollows of the mountain crossed by goblin paths, if their lamps should go out? To spend the night there would mean to sit and wait until an earthquake rent the mountain, or the earth herself fell back into the smelting furnace of the sun whence she had issued—for it was all night and no faintest dawn in the bosom of the world.

So long did they wait unrevisited, that, had there not been two of them, either would at length have concluded the vision a home-born product of his own seething brain. And their lamps were going out, for they grew redder and smokier! But they did not lose courage, for there is a kind of capillary attraction in the facing of two souls, that lifts faith quite beyond the level to which either could raise it alone: they knew that they had seen the lady of emeralds, and it was to give them their own desire that she had gone from them, and neither would yield for a moment to the half doubts and half dreads that awoke in his heart.

And still she who with her absence darkened their air did not return. They grew weary, and sat down on the rocky floor, for wait they would—indeed, wait they must. Each set his lamp by his knee, and watched it die. Slowly it sank, dulled, looked lazy and stupid. But ever as it sank and dulled, the image in his mind of the Lady of Light grew stronger and clearer. Together the two lamps panted and shuddered. First one, then the other went out, leaving for a moment a great, red, evil-smelling snuff. Then all was the blackness of darkness up to their very hearts and everywhere around them. Was it? No. Far away—it looked miles away—shone one minute faint point of green light—where, who could tell? They only knew that it shone. It grew larger, and seemed to draw nearer, until at last, as they watched with speechless delight and expectation, it seemed once more within reach of an outstretched hand. Then it spread and melted away as before, and there were eyes—and a face—and a lovely form—and lo! the whole cavern blazing with lights innumerable, and gorgeous, yet soft and interfused—so blended, indeed, that the eye had to search and see in order to separate distinct spots of special colour.

The moment they saw the speck in the vast distance they had risen and stood on their feet. When it came nearer they bowed their heads. Yet now they looked with fearless eyes, for the woman that was old yet young was a joy to see, and filled their hearts with reverent delight. She turned first to Peter.

'I have known you long,' she said. 'I have met you going to and from the mine, and seen you working in it for the last forty years.'

'How should it be, madam, that a grand lady like you should take notice of a poor man like me?' said Peter, humbly, but more foolishly than he could then have understood.

'I am poor as well as rich,' said she. 'I, too, work for my bread, and I show myself no favour when I pay myself my own wages. Last night when you sat by the brook, and Curdie told you about my pigeon, and my spinning, and wondered whether he could believe that he had actually seen me, I heard what you said to each other. I am always about, as the miners said the other night when they talked of me as Old Mother Wotherwop.'

The lovely lady laughed, and her laugh was a lightning of delight in their souls.

'Yes,' she went on, 'you have got to thank me that you are so poor, Peter. I have seen to that, and it has done well for both you and me, my friend. Things come to the poor that can't get in at the door of the rich. Their money somehow blocks it up. It is a great privilege to be poor, Peter—one that no man ever coveted, and but a very few have sought to retain, but one that yet many have learned to prize. You must not mistake, however, and imagine it a virtue; it is but a privilege, and one also that, like other privileges, may be terribly misused. Had you been rich, my Peter, you would not have been so good as some rich men I know. And now I am going to tell you what no one knows but myself: you, Peter, and your wife both have the blood of the royal family in your veins. I have been trying to cultivate your family tree, every branch of which is known to me, and I expect Curdie to turn out a blossom on it. Therefore I have been training him for a work that must soon be done. I was near losing him, and had to send my pigeon. Had he not shot it, that would have been better; but he repented, and that shall be as good in the end.'

She turned to Curdie and smiled.

'Ma'am,' said Curdie, 'may I ask questions?'

'Why not, Curdie?'

'Because I have been told, ma'am, that nobody must ask the king questions.'

'The king never made that law,' she answered, with some displeasure. 'You may ask me as many as you please—that is, so long as they are sensible. Only I may take a few thousand years to answer some of them. But that's nothing. Of all things time is the cheapest.'

'Then would you mind telling me now, ma'am, for I feel very confused about it—are you the Lady of the Silver Moon?'

'Yes, Curdie; you may call me that if you like. What it means is true.'

'And now I see you dark, and clothed in green, and the mother of all the light that dwells in the stones of the earth! And up there they call you Old Mother Wotherwop! And the Princess Irene told me you were her great-great-grandmother! And you spin the spider threads, and take care of a whole people of pigeons; and you are worn to a pale shadow with old age; and are as young as anybody can be, not to be too young; and as strong, I do believe, as I am.'

The lady stooped toward a large green stone bedded in the rock of the floor, and looking like a well of grassy light in it. She laid hold of it with her fingers, broke it out, and gave it to Peter. 'There!' cried Curdie. 'I told you so. Twenty men could not have done that. And your fingers are white and smooth as any lady's in the land. I don't know what to make of it.'

'I could give you twenty names more to call me, Curdie, and not one of them would be a false one. What does it matter how many names if the person is one?'

'Ah! But it is not names only, ma'am. Look at what you were like last night, and what I see you now!'

'Shapes are only dresses, Curdie, and dresses are only names. That which is inside is the same all the time.'

'But then how can all the shapes speak the truth?'

'It would want thousands more to speak the truth, Curdie; and then they could not. But there is a point I must not let you mistake about. It is one thing the shape I choose to put on, and quite another the shape that foolish talk and nursery tale may please to put upon me. Also, it is one thing what you or your father may think about me, and quite another what a foolish or bad man may see in me. For instance, if a thief were to come in here just now, he would think he saw the demon of the mine, all in green flames, come to protect her treasure, and would run like a hunted wild goat. I should be all the same, but his evil eyes would see me as I was not.'

'I think I understand,' said Curdie.

'Peter,' said the lady, turning then to him, 'you will have to give up Curdie for a little while.'

'So long as he loves us, ma'am, that will not matter—much.'

'Ah! you are right there, my friend,' said the beautiful princess. And as she said it she put out her hand, and took the hard, horny hand of the miner in it, and held it for a moment lovingly.

'I need say no more,' she added, 'for we understand each other—you and I, Peter.'

The tears came into Peter's eyes. He bowed his head in thankfulness, and his heart was much too full to speak.

Then the great old, young, beautiful princess turned to Curdie.

'Now, Curdie, are you ready?' she said.

'Yes, ma'am,' answered Curdie.

'You do not know what for.'

'You do, ma'am. That is enough.'

'You could not have given me a better answer, or done more to prepare yourself, Curdie,' she returned, with one of her radiant smiles. 'Do you think you will know me again?'

'I think so. But how can I tell what you may look like next?'

'Ah, that indeed! How can you tell? Or how could I expect you should? But those who know me well, know me whatever new dress or shape or name I may be in; and by and by you will have learned to do so too.'

'But if you want me to know you again, ma'am, for certain sure,' said Curdie, 'could you not give me some sign, or tell me something about you that never changes—or some other way to know you, or thing to know you by?'

'No, Curdie; that would be to keep you from knowing me. You must know me in quite another way from that. It would not be the least use to you or me either if I were to make you know me in that way. It would be but to know the sign of Me—not to know me myself. It would be no better than if I were to take this emerald out of my crown and give it to you to take home with you, and you were to call it me, and talk to it as if it heard and saw and loved you. Much good that would do you, Curdie! No; you must do what you can to know me, and if you do, you will. You shall see me again in very different circumstances from these, and, I will tell you so much, it may be in a very different shape. But come now, I will lead you out of this cavern; my good Joan will be getting too anxious about you. One word more: you will allow that the men knew little what they were talking about this morning, when they told all those tales of Old Mother Wotherwop; but did it occur to you to think how it was they fell to talking about me at all? It was because I came to them; I was beside them all the time they were talking about me, though they were far enough from knowing it, and had very little besides foolishness to say.'

As she spoke she turned and led the way from the cavern, which, as if a door had been closed, sank into absolute blackness behind them. And now they saw nothing more of the lady except the green star, which again seemed a good distance in front of them, and to which they came no nearer, although following it at a quick pace through the mountain. Such was their confidence in her guidance, however, and so fearless were they in consequence, that they felt their way neither with hand nor foot, but walked straight on through the pitch-dark galleries. When at length the night of the upper world looked in at the mouth of the mine, the green light seemed to lose its way among the stars, and they saw it no more.

Out they came into the cool, blessed night. It was very late, and only starlight. To their surprise, three paces away they saw, seated upon a stone, an old country-woman, in a cloak which they took for black. When they came close up to it, they saw it was red.

'Good evening!' said Peter.

'Good evening!' returned the old woman, in a voice as old as herself.

But Curdie took off his cap and said:

'I am your servant, Princess.'

The old woman replied:

'Come to me in the dove tower tomorrow night, Curdie—alone.'

'I will, ma'am,' said Curdie.

So they parted, and father and son went home to wife and mother—two persons in one rich, happy woman.


Story DNA fairy tale · mystical

Moral

True identity and wisdom are found beyond superficial appearances and names, requiring inner understanding rather than external signs.

Plot Summary

Stranded in a dark mountain cavern after their guide, the Mother of Light, vanishes and their lamps fail, Peter and Curdie are plunged into fear. The Lady reappears in a radiant form, engaging them in a profound discussion about her many names and changing appearances, explaining that true identity lies beyond superficial forms and is perceived differently based on one's inner state. She reveals Peter's royal lineage and her plans to train Curdie, challenging him to know her without external signs. Finally, she leads them out of the mountain, transforming into an old country-woman, and summons Curdie for a solitary meeting, signifying the start of his deeper journey of understanding.

Themes

perception vs. realityspiritual wisdomhumility and privilegeidentity

Emotional Arc

anxiety to reverent delight to deeper understanding

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: slow contemplative
Descriptive: lush
Techniques: allegory, philosophical discourse

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs self
Ending: moral justice
Magic: Lady of Light/Mother of Light (a powerful, ancient, transforming being), magical green light, supernatural strength, talking animals (implied from previous stories, though not explicit here)
the green light/emeraldthe changing forms of the Ladythe darkness of the cavernthe lamps

Cultural Context

Origin: Scottish
Era: timeless fairy tale

George MacDonald was a Scottish author, poet, and Christian minister, known for his fantasy novels and fairy tales, which often contain deep spiritual and philosophical themes. This story is a continuation of 'The Princess and the Goblin' and 'The Princess and Curdie'.

Plot Beats (15)

  1. Peter and Curdie wait anxiously in a dark mountain cavern for the Mother of Light to return, their lamps dimming.
  2. Their lamps extinguish, leaving them in absolute darkness and fear.
  3. A distant green light appears, slowly approaching and expanding to reveal the Lady of Light in a radiant, beautiful form.
  4. The Lady addresses Peter, revealing her long-standing knowledge of him and her role in his poverty, which she describes as a privilege.
  5. She informs Peter of his royal bloodline and her intention to train Curdie for a significant task.
  6. Curdie questions the Lady about her many names and changing appearances, expressing confusion.
  7. The Lady explains that names and shapes are merely 'dresses' and 'names,' and that her true self remains constant, but is perceived differently based on the observer's inner state.
  8. She demonstrates her power by effortlessly removing a large green stone from the rock.
  9. The Lady tells Peter that he must give up Curdie for a while, and Peter, understanding, agrees with a full heart.
  10. The Lady asks Curdie if he is ready for his task, and he agrees, trusting her despite not knowing what it entails.
  11. She challenges Curdie to know her beyond her changing forms, refusing to give him a fixed sign, stating that true knowledge must be earned internally.
  12. The Lady leads them out of the mountain, appearing only as a green star, and they follow her fearlessly through the dark tunnels.
  13. Outside the mine, under starlight, the green light vanishes, and they find the Lady transformed into an old country-woman in a red cloak.
  14. Curdie recognizes her and she instructs him to meet her alone at the dove tower the following night.
  15. Peter and Curdie return home, their understanding of the world and the Lady profoundly deepened.

Characters 4 characters

The Mother of Light ◆ supporting

magical creature ageless female

Her appearance is fluid and changes. She can appear as a 'lovely form' with a face and eyes, or as an 'old yet young' woman, or as a 'pale shadow with old age', or as 'young as anybody can be'. Her true form is an inner essence, not a fixed physical shape. Her fingers are described as 'white and smooth as any lady's in the land', despite her immense strength.

Attire: Her clothing changes with her form. She is seen 'clothed in green' when she reappears in the cavern, and later as an 'old country-woman, in a cloak which they took for black' but was actually 'red'. She also wears a 'crown' from which she mentions taking an emerald.

Wants: To guide and cultivate the good in humanity, particularly through individuals like Curdie, and to ensure the balance and well-being of the world, often through subtle intervention.

Flaw: Her greatest 'weakness' is perhaps her reliance on humans to understand her true nature beyond her changing forms, which is a difficult task for them.

She serves as a catalyst for the characters' growth, revealing deeper truths about herself and the world, and setting Curdie on his path. Her own nature is revealed more fully to the protagonists.

Her eyes, which are part of a 'lovely form' and appear as a 'minute faint point of green light' in the darkness, symbolizing her essence and guidance.

Wise, benevolent, mysterious, powerful, nurturing, playful, discerning.

Image Prompt & Upload
An ageless woman with a serene, knowing expression, her eyes glowing with a faint green light. She has smooth, white hands. She wears a flowing, deep emerald green gown made of a rich, soft fabric, adorned with subtle, intricate patterns that seem to shift in the light. A simple, elegant crown with a prominent emerald is on her head. Her posture is regal yet approachable, with a slight lean forward as if imparting wisdom. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

Peter ◆ supporting

human adult male

A miner, implied to be middle-aged or older, having worked in the mine for forty years. His hands are described as 'hard, horny' from years of labor, indicating a strong, weathered build typical of a working man.

Attire: Simple, practical clothing suitable for a miner, likely made of sturdy, dark fabrics like wool or coarse linen, possibly with a cap. When he emerges from the mine, he is still in his working clothes.

Wants: To provide for his family, to understand the mysterious forces at play, and to support his son Curdie.

Flaw: His humility can sometimes border on foolishness (as noted by the Lady), and he struggles with understanding complex spiritual truths.

He gains a deeper understanding of his own worth and the true nature of wealth and poverty. He learns to trust in the Lady's guidance and accepts the temporary separation from his son for a greater purpose.

His hard, horny hands, which are a testament to his life of labor and a symbol of his humble, good nature.

Humble, good-hearted, faithful, somewhat naive, deeply loving towards his family, appreciative of blessings.

Image Prompt & Upload
A middle-aged man standing, facing forward, full body visible from head to toe. He has a kind, weathered face with lines around his eyes, and short, practical dark hair. His hands are large and calloused. He wears a dark grey, thick linen tunic, a simple brown leather belt, and sturdy dark trousers, all showing signs of wear from mining. A small, simple miner's lamp hangs from his belt. He has a humble, slightly awestruck expression. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

Curdie ★ protagonist

human young adult male

A young man, likely strong and agile from his work in the mines and his adventures. He is capable of shooting a pigeon and is described as being as 'strong' as the Lady herself, implying a robust build.

Attire: Practical clothing suitable for a miner and adventurer, likely sturdy fabrics. He wears a cap, which he removes out of respect.

Wants: To understand the mysteries of the world, to follow the guidance of the Mother of Light, and to fulfill his destiny.

Flaw: His initial confusion and struggle to reconcile the Lady's various forms and names, and his past mistake of shooting her pigeon.

He moves from confusion about the Lady's identity and forms to a deeper understanding of her true, unchanging essence. He accepts his calling and prepares for a significant mission, demonstrating his readiness and faith.

His earnest, questioning expression, reflecting his desire to understand the deeper truths of the world.

Curious, earnest, brave, respectful, intelligent, questioning, willing to learn, repentant.

Image Prompt & Upload
A young man standing, facing forward, full body visible from head to toe. He has a strong, lean build, with an earnest and intelligent expression. His hair is dark and practical, possibly short or tied back. He wears a sturdy, dark blue wool tunic over a light linen shirt, practical dark trousers, and worn leather boots. He holds a simple, dark cap in his hands, held respectfully. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

Joan ○ minor

human adult female

Not explicitly described, but as Peter's wife and Curdie's mother, she is likely a woman of the working class, possibly with a kind and nurturing appearance. The Lady refers to her as 'my good Joan', implying a virtuous character.

Attire: Simple, practical clothing suitable for a miner's wife, likely made of sturdy fabrics like linen or wool.

Wants: To care for her family.

Flaw: Her anxiety for her son's safety.

Not explicitly shown in this excerpt, but she is a stable, loving presence for her family.

Her implied warmth and goodness as a mother figure.

Good, caring, likely prone to anxiety when her loved ones are absent.

Image Prompt & Upload
A middle-aged woman standing, facing forward, full body visible from head to toe. She has a kind, gentle face with a warm expression. Her hair is dark, practical, and neatly tied back. She wears a simple, long-sleeved cream linen dress with a dark blue wool apron tied at the waist, and sturdy, comfortable shoes. Her hands are clasped gently in front of her. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Locations 3 locations
No image yet

Mountain Cavern

indoor night Implied constant, still, and airless conditions typical of a deep underground space, unaffected by external seasons or weather.

A vast, natural hollow within a mountain, traversed by goblin paths. Initially, it is plunged into absolute blackness, with only the dim, reddening light of two lamps. Later, it blazes with innumerable, gorgeous, yet soft and interfused lights, revealing a rocky floor and large green stones embedded within it.

Mood: Initially anxious and eerie due to the encroaching darkness and isolation, transforming into magical, reverent, and awe-inspiring with the Lady's manifestation and the cavern's illumination.

Peter and Curdie wait in the dark, encounter the Mother of Light in her true form, and receive her wisdom and instructions.

rocky floor goblin paths dying oil lamps green point of light innumerable soft lights large green stone embedded in rock
Image Prompt & Upload
A deep, ancient mountain cavern with rough-hewn, dark grey rock walls and ceiling, glistening faintly in the soft, diffused glow of countless unseen light sources. The rocky floor is uneven, with patches of dark, damp earth. A large, luminous green stone, like a well of grassy light, is embedded prominently in the foreground rock. The air is still and heavy, with a sense of immense depth and mystery. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
No image yet

Mine Mouth at Night

transitional late night Cool, clear night with abundant starlight.

The entrance to the mine, opening out into the cool, starlit upper world. It's late at night, with only the stars providing illumination.

Mood: Relief and quiet transition from the deep, magical underground to the familiar, peaceful surface world.

Peter and Curdie emerge from the mountain, leaving the magical cavern behind, and the green light of the Lady dissipates among the stars.

mine entrance starlit sky cool night air
Image Prompt & Upload
A jagged, dark opening of a mine shaft carved into a steep, rocky mountainside, silhouetted against a deep indigo night sky. Countless bright stars twinkle overhead, casting a faint, cool light on the rough rock face around the mine entrance. Sparse, hardy mountain scrub clings to the crevices. The air feels crisp and still. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
No image yet

Stone by the Mine Mouth

outdoor late night Cool, clear night with starlight.

A simple stone located three paces from the mine mouth, where an old country-woman, cloaked in red, is seated under the starlight.

Mood: Mysterious and significant, as the seemingly ordinary old woman reveals herself to be the Princess.

Peter and Curdie encounter the Lady in her 'Old Mother Wotherwop' guise, and Curdie is given instructions to meet her again.

large stone old country-woman in a red cloak starlight
Image Prompt & Upload
A weathered, grey boulder sits on a patch of sparse, dry grass and small stones, three paces from the dark, foreboding mouth of a mine shaft. The scene is bathed in the cool, silvery glow of a star-filled night sky. A figure, cloaked in a deep, rich red fabric, is seated upon the stone, her form partially obscured by shadow. The air is still and cool. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.