FABLE LVII
by John Gay · from Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered)
Adapted Version
A farmer is in his field. The sun is hot. He works all day long. He is very, very tired. He wipes his face. "Oh," he says. "I do not like my job. I want a new job."
The Sky King in the sky hears the farmer. He floats down on a soft, white cloud. His clothes are blue like the sky. He has a kind smile. "I can help you," says the Sky King. "Come with me. You can see other jobs."
The farmer takes his hand. They fly up, up, up. They sit on the soft cloud. They look down. They see a big house. In the house, there is a Rich Man. The room is full of gold. He has bags of gold. He has boxes of gold. The gold shines.
"Wow!" says the farmer. "Look at all that gold! He has so much gold. He must be very, very happy."
The Sky King says, "Look again." The Rich Man does not smile. He is not happy. He is very sad. He counts his gold. He touches his gold. But he has no friends. He cannot play with anyone. He only worries about his gold. He worries all day. He worries all night.
The farmer feels sad for him. "Being rich is not happy," he says. "I want to be a King. A King has everything. A King must be happy."
"Look again," says the Sky King. Now they see a King. The King sits on a throne. He has a big, shiny crown. Many people are around him. But the King is not happy. He looks sad, too. He works all day. He works all night. He signs many papers. He has no time to play. He has no time for fun.
The farmer sees the sad King. "The Rich Man is sad," he says. "The King is sad. I like my job now. Please, I want to go home."
"You see," says the Sky King. "Gold does not make you happy. A crown does not make you happy. A happy heart is the best thing. A happy heart is the true treasure."
The Sky King smiles. He takes the farmer home. The farmer is in his field again. The sun feels warm. He is not tired now. He feels strong. He is happy. He loves his job.
Original Story
FABLE LVII.
The Countryman and Jupiter.
(To myself.)
Nosce teipsum: look and spy,
Have you a friend so fond as I?
Have you a fault, to mankind known,
Not hidden unto eyes your own?
When airy castles you importune,
Down falling, by the breath of Fortune,
Did I e'er doubt you should inherit,
If Fortune's wheel devolved on merit?
It was not so; for Fortune's frown
Still perseveres to hold you down.
Then let us seek the cause, and view
What others say and others do.
Have we, like those in place, resigned
Our independency of mind?
Have we had scruples—and therefore
Practising morals, are we poor?
If such be our forlorn position,
Would Fortune mend the lorn condition?
On wealth if happiness were built,
Villains would compass it by guilt.
No: crescit amor nummi—misers
Are not so heartwhole as are sizars.
Think, O John Gay!—and that's myself—
Should Fortune make you her own elf,
Would that augment your happiness?
Or haply might she make it less?
Suppose yourself a wealthy heir
Of houses, lands, and income clear:
Your luxury might break all bounds
Of plate and table, steeds, and hounds.
Debts—debts of honour—lust of play—
Will waste a county's wealth away;
And so your income clear may fail,
And end in exile or in jail.
Or were you raised to height of power,
Would that ameliorate an hour?
Would avarice and false applause
Weigh in the balance as two straws?
Defrauded nations, blinded kings,
Would they not, think you, leave their stings?
If happiness, then, be your aim
(I mean the true, not false of fame),
She nor in courts nor camps resides,
Nor in the lowly cottage bides;
Nor on the soil, nor on the wind;
She tenants only in the mind.
Wearied by toil, beneath the shade,
A rustic rested on his spade.
"This load of life, from year to year,"
He said, "is very hard to bear.
The dawning morning bids me up
To toil and labour till I sup!"
Jove heard, and answered him: "My friend,
Complaints that are unjust offend:
Speak out your griefs, if you repine
At any act or deed of mine.
If you can mend your state, instruct me;
I wish but knowledge to conduct me."
So saying, from the mundane crowds
He raised the rustic to the clouds.
He showed a miser—said: "Behold
His bulky bags that burst with gold!
He counts it over, and the store
Is every day increased by more."
"O happiness!" the rustic cried:
"What can a fellow wish beside?"
"Ah, wait! until I charm your eyes,"
Said Jupiter, "from fallacies."
He looked again, and saw the breast
Like a rough ocean—ne'er at rest:
Fear, guilt, and conscience gnawed the heart;
Extortion ever made it smart—
It seemed as if no sunlit gleam
Could brighten it in thought or dream.
"Ah! may the gods," he cried, "reject
My prayer for gold, and comfort wreckt:
But see yon minister of state,
And the gay crowd who proudly wait!"
"A second time I charm your eyes,"
Said Jove, "from mortal fallacies."
He looked again, and saw a breast
Gnawed by corruption, wanting rest:
He saw him one time drunk with power,
Tottering upon Ambition's tower;
Then, seized with giddiness and fear,
Seeing his downfall in his rear,
"O Jupiter!" the rustic said,
"Give me again my plough and spade."
But Jupiter was not contented:
The rustic's griefs he still resented.
So he deployed before his sight
The lawyer's and the soldier's plight;
The miseries of war and law,
The battle-field and legal flaw.
"O Jupiter!" the rustic said,
"Restore me to the plough and spade."
Then Jupiter: "You mortals blunder:
There is no happiness in thunder;
For happiness, to nought confined,
Is found in the contented mind:
Go home again, and be contented,
Nor grumble more like one demented."
Then Jupiter, to aid the clown,
Where he had found him put him down.
Story DNA
Moral
True happiness is not found in wealth or power, but in a contented mind and accepting one's lot.
Plot Summary
A weary countryman complains about his laborious life, wishing for wealth or power. Jupiter, hearing his laments, transports him to the clouds and reveals the true, miserable inner lives of a seemingly rich miser and a powerful minister of state, both consumed by fear, guilt, and ambition. Horrified by the hidden torments, the countryman begs to be returned to his simple life. Jupiter complies, teaching him that true happiness resides not in external circumstances but in a contented mind.
Themes
Emotional Arc
discontent to enlightenment
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
John Gay was an English poet and dramatist known for his fables, which often satirized society and conveyed moral lessons. The 18th century was a period of Enlightenment, emphasizing reason and moral philosophy.
Plot Beats (12)
- The narrator (John Gay) reflects on the nature of happiness, wealth, and power, concluding that true happiness is internal.
- A countryman, tired of his laborious life, complains about his fate to the heavens.
- Jupiter hears the complaint and offers to show the countryman how others live, to prove his complaints are unjust.
- Jupiter transports the countryman to the clouds and first shows him a miser, surrounded by his vast gold.
- The countryman initially envies the miser's apparent happiness and wealth.
- Jupiter then reveals the miser's inner state: a heart consumed by fear, guilt, and the constant burden of his riches.
- Disillusioned, the countryman then wishes to be a minister of state, seeing the outward show of power and admiration.
- Jupiter again reveals the minister's true condition: a mind plagued by corruption, ambition, and the constant threat of ruin.
- The countryman, horrified by the hidden miseries of both wealth and power, asks Jupiter to return him to his simple life.
- Jupiter further illustrates the miseries of other esteemed professions, like lawyers and soldiers, solidifying the countryman's understanding.
- Jupiter explains that happiness is not found in external circumstances but in a contented mind.
- Jupiter returns the countryman to his field, now content with his own lot.
Characters
The Countryman ★ protagonist
A man of average height and sturdy, muscular build, indicative of a life spent in physical labor. His hands are calloused and rough from gripping tools. His skin is tanned and weathered from exposure to the sun and elements.
Attire: Simple, practical 18th-century English peasant attire: a coarse linen or wool smock shirt, breeches tied below the knee, sturdy leather boots or hobnailed shoes, and perhaps a simple felt hat to shield from the sun. The colors would be muted, earthy tones like browns, greys, and undyed linen.
Wants: To escape the perceived hardship and monotony of his life, seeking an easier, happier existence, which he initially believes comes from wealth or power.
Flaw: His inability to find contentment in his current circumstances; a tendency to compare himself unfavorably to others and to be deceived by outward appearances of happiness.
Transforms from a grumbling, discontented laborer who envies others' perceived fortunes into a man who understands that true happiness comes from a contented mind, not external wealth or power.
Complaining, discontented, easily swayed by superficial appearances, initially envious, ultimately humble and appreciative.
Image Prompt & Upload
A middle-aged English peasant man, of sturdy build and average height, standing upright and facing forward. He has a tanned, weathered face with a few lines, common brown eyes, and short, practical brown hair. He wears a coarse undyed linen smock shirt, brown wool breeches tied below the knee, and sturdy brown leather boots. He leans on a long-handled wooden spade, his expression initially weary but with a hint of curiosity. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Jupiter ◆ supporting
A powerful, imposing figure of immense stature, radiating authority and wisdom. His form is majestic, not bound by human limitations, yet appearing in a way that commands respect without being overtly threatening.
Attire: Flowing, classical drapery in rich, perhaps celestial, colors like deep blues, purples, or pure white, adorned with subtle golden accents. His attire would be simple yet regal, suggesting divine authority rather than earthly opulence, perhaps a chiton or toga-like garment.
Wants: To teach mortals, specifically the Countryman, the true nature of happiness and to correct their misguided complaints.
Flaw: None explicitly stated; as a deity, he is presented as omniscient and omnipotent within the fable's context.
Remains constant as the wise teacher, his role is to guide the Countryman's arc.
Wise, patient, instructive, slightly stern, just, and ultimately benevolent.
Image Prompt & Upload
An ageless, majestic male deity of immense stature, standing upright and facing forward. He has a noble face with a long, flowing silver-white beard and long, wavy silver-white hair. His eyes are piercing and wise. He wears flowing, deep blue classical drapery with subtle golden trim. His posture is one of calm authority, and he gestures with an open right hand. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Miser ○ minor
A thin, gaunt man, perhaps stooped from years of hunching over his money. His clothes might be worn but carefully mended, reflecting his unwillingness to spend. His hands are bony, with prominent veins, constantly clutching or counting.
Attire: Simple, threadbare 18th-century commoner's clothing, perhaps a dark, patched coat, waistcoat, and breeches, all showing signs of age and careful repair. The fabric would be coarse wool or linen, devoid of any ornamentation.
Wants: To accumulate and guard wealth above all else.
Flaw: His insatiable greed, which prevents him from finding peace or happiness.
Serves as a static example of the pitfalls of greed, showing no personal change.
Greedy, anxious, suspicious, restless, tormented by fear and guilt.
Image Prompt & Upload
An elderly, gaunt man, thin and stooped, standing upright and facing forward. He has a sharp, pinched face with deep-set, suspicious eyes, sallow skin, and sparse grey hair. He wears a dark, patched 18th-century wool coat, a simple waistcoat, and threadbare breeches. He is hunched over, clutching several bulky, overflowing bags of gold coins to his chest, with a tormented and anxious expression. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Minister of State ○ minor
A man of imposing presence, likely well-fed and dressed, reflecting his high status. He might have a slightly bloated or self-important build, indicative of a life of luxury and power.
Attire: Elaborate 18th-century court attire: a richly embroidered velvet or silk coat, a fine lace cravat, a brocade waistcoat, breeches, and polished buckled shoes. The colors would be vibrant and indicative of wealth and status, such as deep reds, blues, or greens.
Wants: To gain and maintain power and influence.
Flaw: His ambition and corruption, which lead to his downfall and inner turmoil.
Serves as a static example of the dangers of power and ambition, showing no personal change.
Ambitious, power-hungry, corrupt, ultimately fearful and insecure.
Image Prompt & Upload
An adult English minister of state, of imposing build, standing upright and facing forward. He has a stern, arrogant face, with shrewd eyes and a powdered white wig. He wears a richly embroidered deep red velvet coat, a fine white lace cravat, a gold brocade waistcoat, and dark breeches with polished buckled shoes. His posture is initially proud and confident, but with an underlying tension of fear. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Locations
Countryside Field
A rural field, likely agricultural, where a countryman rests from his labor. The ground would be tilled or prepared for planting, with the rustic's spade nearby, indicating manual labor.
Mood: Tired, reflective, initially discontented but ultimately peaceful.
The countryman expresses his weariness and discontent with his life of toil, prompting Jupiter's intervention.
Image Prompt & Upload
A wide, sun-drenched agricultural field in the English countryside, with freshly turned earth stretching into the distance. A sturdy, weathered wooden spade leans against a low, gnarled hawthorn hedge at the field's edge, casting a short shadow. The sky above is a clear, pale blue with a few wispy clouds, suggesting early morning. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
The Celestial Realm
A non-physical, ethereal space 'among the clouds' where Jupiter resides and presents his visions. It is a place of divine perspective, allowing the rustic to observe different earthly scenes.
Mood: Magical, omniscient, detached, and instructive.
Jupiter transports the rustic here to show him the true nature of happiness and the miseries associated with wealth and power.
Image Prompt & Upload
A vast, luminous expanse of swirling, pearlescent clouds, stretching infinitely in all directions, with soft, diffused light emanating from an unseen source. Below, faint, distant glimpses of a green and brown earth are visible through breaks in the cloud layer, emphasizing the immense height. The atmosphere is serene and otherworldly, bathed in a gentle, warm glow. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Miser's Counting Room
A confined, dimly lit room, likely in an English Georgian-era house, filled with bulging bags of gold. The atmosphere is one of obsessive accumulation and hidden anxiety.
Mood: Greedy, anxious, oppressive, joyless.
Jupiter shows the rustic the miser's apparent wealth, then reveals the inner torment of fear, guilt, and extortion that accompanies it.
Image Prompt & Upload
A small, claustrophobic counting room within a Georgian-era English townhouse, with dark, polished oak paneling on the walls and a heavy, leaded glass window letting in only a sliver of weak light. Piles of bulging, rough-hewn canvas bags, overflowing with gold coins, are stacked precariously on a sturdy, ink-stained wooden table and on the floor. The air feels heavy and still, with deep shadows clinging to the corners of the room. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Minister of State's Ante-chamber
A formal, opulent room in a grand English Georgian-era palace or government building, where a crowd waits to see a minister. The scene initially appears glamorous but is revealed to be fraught with corruption and instability.
Mood: Initially grand and impressive, then revealed as corrupt, unstable, and fearful.
The rustic observes the minister's public power and the admiring crowd, only for Jupiter to reveal the minister's inner corruption and precarious position.
Image Prompt & Upload
A grand, high-ceilinged antechamber in a Georgian-era English palace, with ornate plasterwork on the ceiling and walls adorned with large, gilded framed portraits. Sunlight streams through tall, arched windows, illuminating dust motes in the air and reflecting off polished parquet flooring. A 'gay crowd' of elegantly dressed figures in period attire stands in small groups, conversing quietly, their faces a mix of ambition and deference. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.