UNDER the SUN
by Juliana Horatia Ewing · from Old-Fashioned Fairy Tales
Adapted Version
Once there was a farmer named Giles. He loved money very much. He always wanted more. His neighbor was Farmer Ben. Farmer Ben was kind. Farmer Giles felt jealous. He wanted Farmer Ben's land.
A small man lived near Farmer Ben. He was very clever. He saw Farmer Giles. He wanted to teach Giles a lesson.
The Little Man came to Farmer Giles' house. He asked for some flour. He asked for a bag too. He said, "Give me good flour. I will give you a wish. You can wish for anything. Anything under the sun."
Farmer Giles thought, "He is magic! I will get gold!" He felt very happy. He took a big bag. He put flour in it. He spilled some flour. He was too excited.
Farmer Giles was very greedy. He waited for his wish. He said, "I wait one week. You must give me more. Give me something extra."
The Little Man smiled. He said, "Yes, I will. I will give you extra. But I choose the gift."
Farmer Giles thought for seven days. He thought about his wish. He wanted a big wish. He wanted Farmer Ben's farm. He wanted all the land. He thought of nothing else.
The night came. Farmer Giles met the Little Man. It was dark. Farmer Giles said, "I want Farmer Ben's farm! I want all of it!"
The Little Man shook his head. He said, "No, no. It is night now. The farm is under the moon. It is not under the sun. Your wish is not good."
Farmer Giles was very angry. "You tricked me!" he shouted. "Give me my bag! Give me my string! Give me my extra gift!"
The Little Man took the bag. He put it on Giles' head. He tied the string. He laughed. He pointed down the hill. Farmer Giles felt silly. He fell down the hill.
The Little Man smiled. He went back home. Farmer Giles was alone. He felt foolish and sad. He had nothing. Being greedy is not good. It can make you sad and foolish.
Original Story
UNDER THE SUN.
There once lived a farmer who was so avaricious and miserly, and so hard and close in all his dealings that, as folks say, he would skin a flint. A Jew and a Yorkshireman had each tried to bargain with him, and both had had the worst of it. It is needless to say that he never either gave or lent.
Now, by thus scraping, and saving, and grinding for many years, he had become almost wealthy; though, indeed, he was no better fed and dressed than if he had not a penny to bless himself with. But what vexed him sorely was that his next neighbour's farm prospered in all matters better than his own; and this, although the owner was as open-handed as our farmer was stingy.
When in spring he ploughed his own worn-out land, and reached the top of the furrow where his field joined one of the richly-fed fields of his neighbour, he would cast an envious glance over the hedge, and say, "So far and no farther?" for he would have liked to have had the whole under his plough. And so in the autumn, when he gathered his own scanty crop and had to stop his sickle short of the close ranks of his neighbour's corn, he would cry, "All this, and none of that?" and go home sorely discontented.
Now on the lands of the liberal farmer (whose name was Merryweather) there lived a dwarf or hillman, who made a wager that he would both beg and borrow of the covetous farmer, and out-bargain him to boot. So he went one day to his house, and asked him if he would kindly give him half a stone of flour to make hasty pudding with; adding, that if he would lend him a bag to carry it in to the hill, this should be returned clean and in good condition.
The farmer saw with half an eye that this was the dwarf from his neighbour's estate, and as he had always laid the luck of the liberal farmer to his being favoured by the good people, he resolved to treat the little man with all civility.
"Look you, wife," said he, "this is no time to be saving half a stone of flour when we may make our fortunes at one stroke. I have heard my grandfather tell of a man who lent a sack of oats to one of the fairies, and got it back filled with gold pieces. And as good measure as he gave of oats so he got of gold;" saying which, the farmer took a canvas bag to the flour-bin, and began to fill it. Meanwhile the dwarf sat in the larder window and cried—"We've a big party for supper to-night; give us good measure, neighbour, and you shall have anything under the sun that you like to ask for."
When the farmer heard this he was nearly out of his wits with delight, and his hands shook so that the flour spilled all about the larder floor.
"Thank you, dear sir," he said; "it's a bargain, and I agree to it. My wife hears us, and is witness. Wife! wife!" he cried, running into the kitchen, "I am to have anything under the sun that I choose to ask for. I think of asking for neighbour Merryweather's estate, but this is a chance never likely to happen again, and I should like to make a wise choice, and that is not easy at a moment's notice."
"You will have a week to think it over in," said the dwarf, who had come in behind him; "I must be off now, so give me my flour, and come to the hill behind your house seven days hence at midnight, and you shall have your share of the bargain."
So the farmer tied up the flour-sack, and helped the dwarf with it on to his back, and as he did so he began thinking how easily the bargain had been made, and casting about in his mind whether, he could not get more where he had so easily got much.
"And half a stone of flour is half a stone of flour," he muttered to himself, "and whatever it may do with thriftless people, it goes a long way in our house. And there's the bag—and a terrible lot spilled on the larder floor—and the string to tie it with, which doubtless he'll never think of returning—and my time, which must be counted, and nothing whatever for it all for a week to come." And the outlay so weighed upon his mind that he cleared his throat and began:
"Not for seven days, did you say, sir? You know, dear sir, or perhaps, indeed, you do not know, that when amongst each other we men have to wait for the settlement of an account, we expect something over and above the exact amount. Interest we call it, my dear sir."
"And you want me to give you something extra for waiting a week?" asked the dwarf. "Pray, what do you expect?"
"Oh, dear sir, I leave it to you," said the farmer. "Perhaps you may add some trifle—in the flour-bag, or not, as you think fit—but I leave it entirely to you."
"I will give you something over and above what you shall choose," said the dwarf; "but, as you say, I shall decide what it is to be." With which he shouldered the flour-sack, and went his way.
For the next seven days, the farmer had no peace for thinking, and planning, and scheming how to get the most out of his one wish. His wife made many suggestions to which he did not agree, but he was careful not to quarrel with her; "for," he said, "we will not be like the foolish couple who wasted three wishes on black-puddings. Neither will I desire useless grandeur and unreasonable elevation, like the fisherman's wife. I will have a solid and substantial benefit."
And so, after a week of sleepless nights and anxious days, he came back to his first thought, and resolved to ask for his neighbour's estate.
At last the night came. It was full moon, and the farmer looked anxiously about, fearing the dwarf might not be true to his appointment. But at midnight he appeared, with the flour-bag neatly folded in his hand.
"You hold to the agreement," said the farmer, "of course. My wife was witness. I am to have anything under the sun that I ask for; and I am to have it now."
"Ask away," said the dwarf.
"I want neighbour Merryweather's estate," said the farmer.
"What, all this land below here, that joins on to your own?"
"Every acre," said the farmer.
"Farmer Merryweather's fields are under the moon at present," said the dwarf, coolly, "and thus not within the terms of the agreement. You must choose again."
But as the farmer could choose nothing that was not then under the moon, he soon saw that he had been outwitted, and his rage knew no bounds at the trick the dwarf had played him.
"Give me my bag, at any rate," he screamed, "and the string—and your own extra gift that you promised. For half a loaf is better than no bread," he muttered, "and I may yet come in for a few gold pieces."
"There's your bag," cried the dwarf, clapping it over the miser's head like an extinguisher; "it's clean enough for a nightcap. And there's your string," he added, tying it tightly round the farmer's throat till he was almost throttled. "And, for my part, I'll give you what you deserve;" saying which he gave the farmer such a hearty kick that he kicked him straight down from the top of the hill to his own back door.
"If that does not satisfy you, I'll give you as much again," shouted the dwarf; and as the farmer made no reply, he went chuckling back to his hill.
Footnotes
[1] Shian, a Gaelic name for fairy towers, which by day are not to be told from mountain crags.
[2] Daoiné Shi (pronounced Dheener Shee) = Men of Peace.
[3] Rung = a thick stick.
[4] "In a compliment" = "as a present."
[5] "Hoast" = cough.
[6] "Brogues" = shoes.
[7] "It's a far cry to Loch Awe."—Scotch Proverb.
[8] Rath = a kind of moat-surrounded spot much favoured by Irish fairies. The ditch is generally overgrown with furze-bushes.
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Story DNA
Moral
Greed often leads to one's own downfall, and attempting to outwit others through avarice can backfire spectacularly.
Plot Summary
A notoriously miserly farmer, consumed by envy for his prosperous neighbor, is approached by a cunning dwarf who wagers he can outwit him. The dwarf asks for flour, promising 'anything under the sun' in return. The greedy farmer, believing he can exploit a fairy, agrees and spends a week obsessively planning to wish for his neighbor's entire estate. At their midnight meeting, the dwarf reveals the trick: the land is currently 'under the moon', not 'under the sun', rendering the wish void. Enraged, the farmer demands his bag, string, and promised 'extra gift', receiving a humiliating physical assault and being kicked down the hill as his just deserts.
Themes
Emotional Arc
pride to humility
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story reflects common moralistic themes found in 19th-century children's literature, often using fantastical elements to teach lessons about human vices like greed.
Plot Beats (12)
- A miserly farmer is introduced, known for his extreme avarice and envy of his prosperous, open-handed neighbor, Merryweather.
- A dwarf from Merryweather's land wagers he can outwit the miserly farmer.
- The dwarf approaches the farmer, asking for a loan of half a stone of flour and a bag, promising 'anything under the sun' in return for good measure.
- The farmer, believing the dwarf is a fairy and hoping for gold, agrees, giving generous measure and spilling flour in his excitement.
- The farmer, overcome with greed, tries to demand 'interest' for the week he must wait for his wish.
- The dwarf agrees to give an 'extra gift' but reserves the right to decide what it will be.
- For a week, the farmer agonizes over his wish, rejecting his wife's ideas and settling on asking for Merryweather's entire estate.
- At midnight on the appointed day, the farmer meets the dwarf and demands Merryweather's estate.
- The dwarf coolly informs the farmer that Merryweather's fields are currently 'under the moon', not 'under the sun', thus invalidating the wish.
- The farmer, realizing he's been tricked, flies into a rage and demands his bag, string, and the promised 'extra gift'.
- The dwarf claps the bag over the farmer's head, ties the string around his throat, and gives him a hearty kick, sending him tumbling down the hill.
- The dwarf, satisfied, chuckles and returns to his hill, leaving the farmer humiliated and empty-handed.
Characters
The Avaricious Farmer ★ protagonist
A gaunt, wiry man of average height, with a perpetually worried and pinched expression. His skin is weathered and tanned from years of outdoor labor, but his overall build suggests a lack of proper nourishment due to his miserly habits. His hands are calloused and rough.
Attire: Wears threadbare, patched, and faded working clothes typical of a 19th-century English farmer. This would include a coarse linen or wool shirt, patched breeches or trousers, and a worn, practical waistcoat. His boots are heavy and scuffed, likely made of stiff leather. All his garments are clean but show signs of extreme wear and repair, reflecting his stinginess.
Wants: To accumulate wealth and possessions, specifically to surpass his neighbor, Merryweather, in prosperity. He is driven by envy and a desire for more, always seeking to gain without giving.
Flaw: His insatiable greed and short-sightedness. He is so focused on immediate gain and avoiding any 'outlay' that he fails to see the bigger picture or the true nature of his bargains, leading him to be easily outwitted.
He begins as a miserly farmer driven by envy and greed. He attempts to exploit a magical bargain for immense wealth but is ultimately outwitted and humiliated, learning nothing from the experience except perhaps increased bitterness.
Avaricious, miserly, hard-hearted, covetous, suspicious, easily swayed by greed, short-sighted in his pursuit of wealth, prone to fits of rage when outwitted.
Image Prompt & Upload
An adult male farmer standing upright, facing forward, full body visible from head to toe. He is of average height with a gaunt, wiry build, and weathered, tanned skin. His face is sharp and thin with deep-set, suspicious grey eyes, a prominent nose, and thin lips. His sparse, short, unkempt grey-brown hair is practical. He wears a patched, faded coarse linen shirt, worn brown wool breeches, a practical dark waistcoat, and scuffed, heavy leather boots. His posture is slightly hunched and cautious, with a worried, calculating expression. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Dwarf ◆ supporting
A small, sturdy, and compact figure, typical of a 'hillman' or fairy folk. He is notably shorter than a human, with strong, nimble limbs. His movements are quick and precise.
Attire: Simple, rustic clothing made of natural materials like rough spun wool or leather, in earthy tones (greens, browns, greys) that would blend with a hillside environment. Perhaps a small, pointed cap or hood. His attire is practical and durable, not opulent, but well-kept.
Wants: To win a wager by both begging and borrowing from the avaricious farmer, and to out-bargain him, thereby teaching him a lesson about his stinginess and covetousness.
Flaw: None explicitly shown; he appears to be a master of his craft.
He remains consistent throughout the story, acting as an agent of justice or cosmic balance, successfully executing his plan to outwit the greedy farmer.
Mischievous, clever, observant, patient, just (in his own way), and a keen bargainer. He enjoys outwitting the greedy and upholding a sense of balance.
Image Prompt & Upload
A small, sturdy male figure, shorter than a human, standing upright, facing forward, full body visible from head to toe. He has an ancient, wise face with sharp features and a mischievous twinkle in his dark eyes. His wild, earthy brown hair and beard are unkempt. He wears simple, practical clothing of rough spun dark green wool, a brown leather belt, and a small, pointed dark grey cap. His posture is confident and alert, with a knowing, subtle smile. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Merryweather ○ minor
Likely a robust and healthy man, well-fed and prosperous, contrasting sharply with the avaricious farmer. His build would suggest a life of comfortable labor and good living.
Attire: Clean, sturdy, and well-maintained farmer's attire, perhaps of better quality linen and wool than his neighbor's, in practical but not threadbare condition. His clothes would reflect his prosperity and open-handed nature.
Wants: To live a good, honest, and generous life, tending to his farm and community.
Flaw: None mentioned, he serves as an ideal.
Remains a static character, serving as a benchmark for prosperity and generosity.
Open-handed, liberal, prosperous, fortunate. He is the foil to the avaricious farmer, representing generosity and good fortune.
Image Prompt & Upload
An adult male farmer standing upright, facing forward, full body visible from head to toe. He has a robust, healthy build and a pleasant, open face with a ruddy complexion and kind, honest blue eyes. His healthy brown hair is neatly combed. He wears clean, sturdy, dark blue linen trousers, a cream-colored linen shirt, and a practical brown wool waistcoat. His posture is relaxed and confident, with a gentle, contented expression. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Farmer's Wife ○ minor
Likely a thin, worn woman, mirroring her husband's frugal lifestyle, but perhaps with a more resigned or weary expression. Her build would be practical for farm life.
Attire: Simple, functional, and mended peasant clothing, similar to her husband's in its frugality but perhaps a plain dress and apron. Colors would be muted and practical, like grey, brown, or faded blue linen.
Wants: To support her husband, though she seems to have a more grounded understanding of reality than he does.
Flaw: Her inability to influence her husband or challenge his avarice.
Remains a static character, serving as a background presence and a witness to her husband's folly.
Submissive, practical, somewhat resigned, but capable of offering sensible suggestions (though her husband ignores them). She is a witness to her husband's schemes.
Image Prompt & Upload
An adult female farmer standing upright, facing forward, full body visible from head to toe. She has a thin, practical build and a plain, tired face with lines of worry and resigned brown eyes. Her faded brown hair is pulled back in a simple, neat bun. She wears a mended, practical grey linen dress with a simple white apron tied at the waist, and sturdy brown leather shoes. Her posture is slightly stooped and weary, with a quiet, unassuming expression. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Locations
The Miserly Farmer's Farmhouse Larder
A small, functional storage room within a traditional English farmhouse, likely with stone or timber walls, and a window where the dwarf sits. The floor is dusty, and flour is spilled during the farmer's excitement.
Mood: Initially tense and calculating, then shifts to greedy excitement and disarray.
The dwarf makes his wager with the farmer, asking for flour and offering 'anything under the sun' in return, leading to the farmer's greedy agreement.
Image Prompt & Upload
A rustic, dimly lit larder interior of a 19th-century English farmhouse. Rough-hewn timber beams support a low ceiling, and stone walls are visible. A small, leaded-pane window allows a sliver of soft afternoon light to fall onto a wooden flour bin. A canvas sack lies half-filled with flour, some of which has spilled onto the uneven flagstone floor. Dust motes dance in the light. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
The Hill Behind the Farmer's House
A prominent hill overlooking the farmer's property and the neighboring Merryweather estate. It is a meeting point, exposed to the night sky.
Mood: Mysterious, expectant, then quickly turning confrontational and humiliating.
The farmer meets the dwarf to claim his wish, only to be outsmarted and then physically thrown down the hill.
Image Prompt & Upload
A stark, windswept hilltop under a brilliant full moon, casting long, sharp shadows. The ground is covered in sparse, tussocky grass and exposed rock. Below, in the distance, the patchwork fields and scattered farmhouses of two adjoining English estates are visible, bathed in cool moonlight. The sky is a deep, clear indigo. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
The Farmer's Fields (bordering Merryweather's)
The farmer's 'worn-out land' directly adjacent to the 'richly-fed fields' of his neighbor, separated by a hedge. The contrast between the two is stark.
Mood: Envious, discontented, a place of constant comparison and longing.
The farmer's recurring moments of envy and frustration over his neighbor's prosperity, setting up his desire for the estate.
Image Prompt & Upload
A dividing hedge of hawthorn and bramble stretching across the middle ground, separating two distinct agricultural fields in the English countryside. On the left, a field of freshly turned, somewhat barren earth with uneven furrows, indicative of poor soil. On the right, a vibrant, lush field of tall, golden corn stalks, dense and healthy, stretching to the horizon under a clear autumn sky. Soft afternoon light illuminates the scene. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.