God’s Blessing Compasses all Things
by Alexander Afanasyev

God’s Blessing Compasses all Things Once upon a time in a certain country, in a certain kingdom, there were two peasants, Iván and Naúm. They entered into a partnership and went together to look for work, and they rambled about until they came to a rich village and got work with different masters. For the whole week they kept at work and met on Sunday for the first time. “Brother, how much have you earned?” asked Iván. “God has given me five roubles.” “God gave them to you? He does not give much unless you work for it.” “No, Brother, without God’s blessing you can do nothing; you cannot gain a groat.” So they quarrelled about this, and at last they decided, “We will each go our own way. We will ask the first man we meet which of us is right. He who loses the bet must sacrifice all his earnings.” So they went on some twenty paces. Afterwards they came across an unholy spirit in human guise, and they asked him and received his reply. “What you earn for yourself is the proper thing; place no reliance on God.” Naúm gave Iván his money and returned emptyhanded to his master. One week later the two men met once again, and set about the same argument. Naúm said: “Though you took my money from me last week, still, this week God gave me yet more.” “If God gave it you as you said, we will once more ask the first person who meets us who is right. The loser of the bet shall have the money, and shall have his right hand hewn off.” Naúm consented. On their way they met the same devil, who returned the same reply. Iván gave Naúm his money, hacked off his right hand, and left it behind. Naúm pondered for a long time what he should do without his right hand. Who would give him meat and drink? But God is merciful. So he went to the river, and he lay down on a boat on the shore. “I will sit down here, and to-morrow I may see what I shall do, for the morning is wiser than the evening.” And about midnight very many devils assembled on the boat and began to tell each other what tricks they had played. The first said: “I started a quarrel between two peasants, backed up the one who was in the wrong; and the one, who was in the right, had his hand hacked off.” “That’s not much of a feat! If he were to wave his hand, three times over the dew, his hand would grow again,” said the second. Then the third began to boast, “I have sucked a lord’s daughter dry, and she can hardly stir.” “What! if any one had any compassion on the lord, he would heal the daughter at once. It is as simple as possible. You have only to take this herb”—pointing to a herb on the shore—“cook it, boil her in the brew, and she will be healed.” “In a certain pond,” a fifth devil said, “there is a peasant who has put up a water-mill, and for many years he has been striving to make it go, but whenever he lets the water through the sluice, I make a hole in it, and all the water flows through.” “What a fool your peasant is!” said the sixth devil. “He ought to dam it up well, and as soon as the water breaks through, throw in a sheaf of straw, and all your work would be no good.” Naúm had listened very attentively. Next day he grew his hand on again, then he saw to the peasant’s dam, and he healed the lord’s daughter. Both the peasant and the lord rewarded him richly, and he lived a fine life. Once he met his former companion, who was very much astonished, and asked: “How is it you have become so rich, and how did you grow your hand on again?” Naúm told him exactly what had happened, and kept nothing back. Iván listened very attentively, and thought, “Ha! I shall do the same, and shall become richer than he!” So he went to the river and lay down on the shore, in the boat. And at midnight all the devils gathered together. “Brothers,” they said, “somebody must have been eavesdropping on us, for the peasant’s hand grew again, the maiden is healed, and the mill-wheel is turning!” So they burst on the boat, found Iván, and tore him into tiny bits. * * * * * Then the wolves wept cows’ tears.
Moral of the Story
True success and well-being come from God's blessing and faith, not solely from one's own efforts or ill-gotten gains, and greed can lead to ruin.
Characters
Naúm ★ protagonist
Initially a peasant, later missing his right hand, which is then restored. Becomes wealthy.
Attire: Simple peasant clothing initially, later implied to be finer due to wealth.
Faithful, patient, observant, resourceful, honest.
Iván ⚔ antagonist
A peasant, later torn into tiny bits by devils.
Attire: Simple peasant clothing.
Skeptical, greedy, envious, foolish, easily swayed.
Unholy Spirit (Devil 1) ◆ supporting
Appears in human guise. Later reveals himself as a devil.
Attire: In human guise, likely common clothing to blend in.
Deceptive, manipulative, enjoys causing discord.
Second Devil ○ minor
One of many devils, likely grotesque or sinister in appearance.
Attire: Not specified.
Boastful, knowledgeable about magic, dismissive of others' 'feats'.
Third Devil ○ minor
One of many devils, likely grotesque or sinister in appearance.
Attire: Not specified.
Boastful, malicious, enjoys inflicting suffering.
Fifth Devil ○ minor
One of many devils, likely grotesque or sinister in appearance.
Attire: Not specified.
Boastful, mischievous, enjoys frustrating human endeavors.
Locations

Rich Village
A prosperous village where Iván and Naúm initially find work with different masters.
Mood: Initially bustling, later a place of contention.
Iván and Naúm work here and have their initial argument about God's blessing.

River Shore with a Boat
The bank of a river where a boat is moored, providing a place for Naúm to rest and later for devils to gather.
Mood: Initially desolate and despairing for Naúm, then eerie and magical as devils convene.
Naúm overhears the devils' secrets, leading to his healing and prosperity. Later, Iván is torn apart here.

Lord's Estate
The home of a lord whose daughter is gravely ill.
Mood: Sorrowful due to the daughter's illness, later hopeful and grateful.
Naúm heals the lord's daughter using the devils' secret.

Pond with a Water-Mill
A pond where a peasant has built a water-mill that consistently fails due to a hole in the sluice.
Mood: Frustrating and unproductive for the peasant, later successful and rewarding.
Naúm fixes the water-mill, bringing prosperity to the peasant.
Story DNA
Moral
True success and well-being come from God's blessing and faith, not solely from one's own efforts or ill-gotten gains, and greed can lead to ruin.
Plot Summary
Two peasants, Iván and Naúm, dispute whether success comes from God's blessing or personal effort. A devil, disguised as a man, repeatedly sides with Iván, leading to Naúm losing his earnings and then his hand. Despairing but trusting in God, Naúm overhears devils revealing secrets to heal himself and others. He uses this knowledge to restore his hand, fix a mill, and cure a lord's daughter, becoming rich. When greedy Iván tries to replicate Naúm's eavesdropping, the devils discover and destroy him, affirming the power of faith and divine justice.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Afanas'ev's collection aimed to preserve Russian oral traditions, often reflecting a blend of Christian morality and older pagan beliefs, with a strong emphasis on divine justice.
Plot Beats (14)
- Iván and Naúm, two peasants, work together and argue about whether success comes from God's blessing or personal effort.
- They make a bet, consulting a devil in human guise, who sides with Iván's view of self-reliance; Naúm loses his earnings.
- A week later, they repeat the argument and the bet, again consulting the same devil, who again sides with Iván.
- Iván takes Naúm's money and cruelly hacks off Naúm's right hand as per the bet's terms.
- Naúm, despairing but trusting in God, lies down in a boat by a river.
- At midnight, devils gather in the boat and boast about their misdeeds and, crucially, how to undo them.
- Naúm overhears how to regrow his hand, how to heal a lord's daughter, and how to fix a peasant's water-mill.
- Naúm uses the devils' knowledge to regrow his hand, fix the mill, and heal the lord's daughter, becoming wealthy.
- Naúm encounters Iván, who is astonished by Naúm's wealth and restored hand.
- Naúm honestly explains everything that happened to Iván.
- Iván, motivated by greed, attempts to replicate Naúm's experience by lying in the same boat.
- The devils, aware of their secrets being exposed, discover Iván in the boat.
- The devils tear Iván into tiny bits as punishment for eavesdropping.
- The story concludes with a proverb about wolves weeping cows' tears, implying a false or ironic sorrow.





