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Sorrow

by Alexander Afanasyev

Sorrow

Sorrow Once upon a time, in a wretched village, there lived two peasants, who were own brothers. One was poor, however, and the other rich. The rich man settled in the town, built himself a fine house, and became a merchant. Sometimes the poor brother had not a crumb of bread and the children (each of whom was smaller than the others) cried and begged for something to eat. From morning to evening the peasant trudged away like a fish on ice, but it was all of no good. One day he said to his wife: “I am going into the town, in order to beg my brother to help me.” So he came to the rich man and asked him: “Brother, help me in my sorrow, for my wife and children sit at home without any bread and are starving.” “If you will work for me this week I will help you.” What was the poor fellow to do? He set to work, cleaned out the courtyard, groomed the horses, carried the water, hewed the wood. When the week had gone by the rich man gave him a loaf of bread. “There, you have a reward for your pains.” “I thank you for it,” said the poor man, and bowed down, and was going home. “Stay,” the rich brother said to him: “Come with your wife to-morrow and be my guests. To-morrow is my name-day.” “Oh, brother, how can I? As you know, merchants who wear boots and furs come to see you, whilst I have only bast shoes, and I only have my grey coat.” “Never mind! Come to-morrow; I shall still have room for you.” “Good brother! I will come.” So the poor man went home, gave his wife the loaf of bread, and said: “Listen, wife. To-morrow you and I are to be guests.” “Who has asked us?” “My brother. To-morrow is his name-day.” “All right, let’s go.” Next day they got up and went into the town. They came to the rich man’s door, greeted him, and sat down on a bench. And at table there were many guests, and the master of the house entertained them all magnificently. Only he forgot the poor brother and his wife, and he gave them nothing. They sat there, and could only look at the others eating and drinking. When the meal was over the guests rose from table and bowed their thanks to the master and mistress, and the poor man also stood up from his bench and bowed down deep before his brother; and the guests went home drunken and merry, noisily singing songs. But the poor man went home with an empty stomach. “We too must sing a song!” he said to his wife. “Oh, you fool, the others sing, for they have had a good dinner and have drunk well. Why should we sing?” “Well, after all, I was a guest at my brother’s name-day, and I am ashamed of going back so silently. If I sing they will all think, anyhow, that I have been served as well.” “Sing if you will! I shall not!” So the peasant sang and sang, and he heard two voices. So he stopped and asked his wife: “Are you helping me; to sing with a thin voice?” “What are you thinking of? I was doing nothing of the sort.” “What was it, then?” “I don’t know,” said the wife. “Sing. I will listen.” So he went on singing by himself, and again the two voices were heard. So he stayed still, and said, “Sorrow, are you aiding me to sing?” And Sorrow answered: “Yes, I am aiding you.” “Now, Sorrow, we will go on together.” “Yes, I will ever remain with you.” So the peasant went home. But Sorrow called him into the inn. He said: “I have no money.” “Never mind, Hodge; what do you want money for? Why, you still have half of a fur; what is the use of it? It will soon be summer, and you will be no longer requiring it. We will go into the inn and drink it up.” So the peasant and Sorrow went into the inn, and they drank up the half-fur. Next day Sorrow groaned and said he had a headache, a fearful headache, owing to last night’s treat. And he enticed the peasant once more to bib wine. “But I have no money!” “There is no need of money. Take your sleigh and your carriage; that will be sufficient for us!” It was not any good. The peasant could not escape Sorrow. So he took his sleigh and his carriage, drove them to the inn, and drank them with Sorrow. And in the morning Sorrow groaned yet further, and reduced the master to further drinking; and the peasant drank away his ploughshare and his plough. One month had gone by, and he had drunk all his property away, pledged his _izbá_[54] to a neighbour, and spent all the money in the inn. Then Sorrow came to him once more. “Let us go to the inn!” “No, Sorrow, I have no more.” “Why, your wife has two sarafáns, one will be sufficient for her.” So the peasant took the sarafán, drank it up; and he thought: “Now I have not anything left, neither house, nor clothes, nor anything else for myself or my wife!” Next morning Sorrow woke up and saw that there was nothing more he could take. So he said: “Master, what is your wish? Go to your neighbour and borrow a pair of oxen and a carriage.” So the peasant went to his neighbour and said, “Can you lend me a car and a pair of oxen for a short time, and I will do a week’s work for them?” “What do you want with them?” “To fetch wood out of the forest.” “Well, then, take them, but don’t overload them.” “Oh, of course not, uncle!” So the peasant took the oxen, went with Sorrow into the carriage, and drove into the field. “Do you know the big stone in this field?” Sorrow asked. “Oh, yes!” “Well, then, drive up to it.” So they arrived at the stone and dismounted. Sorrow bade the peasant lift up the stone, and he aided him in the work. Under the stone there was a hollow filled with gold. “Now, what do you see?” said Sorrow. “Load it all up quickly on to the coach.” So the peasant set to work sharply, loaded all the gold up, to the very last ducats. And when he noticed there was not anything left, he said, “Sorrow, is there no more gold there?” “I don’t see any.” “Down there in the corner I see something glittering.” “No; I cannot see anything.” “Get down into the pit, and you will see it.” So Sorrow went into the pit, and as soon as he was in the peasant cast the stone in. “Things will now go better,” said the peasant, “for if I were to take you back with me, Sorrow, you would drink up all of this money!” So the peasant went home, and he poured out the gold in the cellar. He took the oxen back to his neighbour, and he began to set up house again, bought a wood, built a big house, and became twice as rich as his brother. Soon he rode to the town, in order to invite his brother and his sister-in-law to his own name-day. “Whatever do you mean?” said the rich brother, “why, you have nothing to eat, and you are giving festivals!” “I had nothing to eat before, but I am now as well off as you are.” “All right; I will come.” So next day the rich man, with his wife, went to the name-day; and they saw that the poor starveling had a big new house, much finer than many merchants’ houses. And the peasant gave them a rich dinner, with all kinds of meat and drink. So the rich man asked his brother: “Tell me, how did you become so rich?” Then the peasant told him the bare truth—how Sorrow had followed on his heels and how he and his Sorrow had gone into the inn, and he had drunk away all his goods and chattels to the last shred, until he had only his soul left in his body; and then how Sorrow had showed him the treasure-trove in the field, and he had thus freed himself from the thraldom of Sorrow. And the rich man became envious and thought: “I will go into the field and will lift the stone up. Sorrow will rend my brother’s body asunder, so that he cannot then brag of his riches in front of me.” So he left his wife behind and drove into the field, to the big stone. He whirled it off to the side and bowed down to see what was under the stone. And he had hardly bowed down, when Sorrow sprang up and sat on his shoulders. “O!” Sorrow cried. “You wanted to leave me here under the earth. Now I shall never depart from you.” “Listen, Sorrow: I was not the person who locked you up here!” “Who was it, then, if it was not you?” “My brother. I came in order to set you free.” “No, you are lying and deceiving me again. This time it shall not come off.” So Sorrow sat fast on the wretched merchant’s shoulders. He brought Sorrow with him home, and his household went from bad to worse. Sorrow began early in the morning enticing the merchant into the beerhouse day after day, and much property was drunk away. “This life is absolutely unbearable!” thought the merchant. “I have done Sorrow too good a service. I must now set myself free from him. How shall I?” So he thought and he thought it out. He went into his courtyard, cut two oak wedges, took a new wheel, and knocked one wedge from one end into the axle. He went up to Sorrow. “Now, Sorrow, must you lie about like that?” “What should I be doing? What else is there to do?” “Come into the courtyard; let us play hide-and-seek.” This suited Sorrow down to the ground, and at first the merchant hid and Sorrow found him at once. Then Sorrow had to hide. “You will not find me so easily: I can hide myself in any crack.” “What!” said the merchant. “Why, you could never get into this wheel, much less into a crack!” “What! I could not get into the wheel? Just look how I manage to hide myself in it!” So Sorrow crept into the wheel, and the merchant took the other oak wedge and drove it into the hub from the other side, and threw the wheel, with Sorrow inside, into the river. Sorrow was drowned, and the merchant lived as before.

Moral of the Story

Sorrow, if embraced or allowed to fester, can consume one's life and possessions, but it can also be a catalyst for change or even a tool for prosperity if managed wisely. Greed, however, leads to ruin.


Characters 4 characters

The Poor Brother ★ protagonist

human adult male

Implied to be gaunt or thin from poverty and hard work.

Attire: Bast shoes, grey coat, implying simple, worn peasant attire.

Hardworking, desperate, initially naive, resourceful, ultimately clever.

The Rich Brother ⚔ antagonist

human adult male

Well-fed, prosperous, contrasting with his poor brother.

Attire: Boots and furs, indicating wealth and status.

Greedy, selfish, envious, deceitful, uncharitable.

Sorrow ◆ supporting

magical creature ageless unknown

No explicit physical description, but capable of speaking, moving, and being physically present.

Attire: None, as it is an abstract concept personified.

Manipulative, persistent, destructive, cunning, parasitic.

The Poor Brother's Wife ○ minor

human adult female

Implied to be thin and suffering from hunger.

Attire: Simple peasant dress, specifically mentioned to have two sarafáns.

Practical, long-suffering, initially skeptical.

Locations 5 locations
Wretched Village

Wretched Village

outdoor

A poor, rural settlement where the peasant and his family live. Implied to be humble and lacking resources.

Mood: Desolate, impoverished, desperate

The initial setting for the poor peasant's struggles and where he decides to seek help from his brother.

peasant's humble homechildren crying for food
Rich Brother's House in Town

Rich Brother's House in Town

indoor daytime

A fine house belonging to the rich merchant brother, contrasting sharply with the peasant's home. It hosts a lavish name-day celebration.

Mood: Opulent, indifferent, celebratory (for some)

The poor peasant works here, and later, he and his wife are ignored during a feast, leading to the encounter with Sorrow.

fine housecourtyardhorsesmany gueststable laden with food and drinkbench where the poor couple sat
The Inn

The Inn

indoor

A place where the peasant, accompanied by Sorrow, drinks away all his possessions. Later, the rich brother is also enticed here by Sorrow.

Mood: Decadent, ruinous, tempting

Both brothers lose their wealth and possessions here due to Sorrow's influence.

drinkstablespatrons
The Field with the Big Stone

The Field with the Big Stone

outdoor daytime

An open field containing a large, prominent stone. Beneath this stone lies a hollow filled with gold.

Mood: Mysterious, pivotal, revealing

The poor peasant discovers and traps Sorrow here, gaining immense wealth. Later, the rich brother attempts the same and becomes afflicted by Sorrow.

large stonehollow under the stonegold ducatscarriageoxen
Merchant's Courtyard

Merchant's Courtyard

outdoor daytime

The rich merchant's courtyard, where he devises and executes his plan to get rid of Sorrow. It contains tools and a wheel.

Mood: Determined, cunning, final

The rich merchant tricks Sorrow into entering a wheel and then disposes of him.

oak wedgesnew wheelaxlehub

Story DNA fairy tale · solemn

Moral

Sorrow, if embraced or allowed to fester, can consume one's life and possessions, but it can also be a catalyst for change or even a tool for prosperity if managed wisely. Greed, however, leads to ruin.

Plot Summary

A poor peasant, humiliated and exploited by his rich brother, encounters a personified 'Sorrow' that first leads him to drink away all his possessions, then guides him to a hidden treasure. The peasant traps Sorrow and becomes wealthy. His envious rich brother attempts to release Sorrow to ruin his sibling but becomes afflicted by it instead. After losing his own wealth to Sorrow's influence, the rich brother eventually outwits and drowns Sorrow, returning to his former life, while the poor brother remains prosperous.

Themes

greedpoverty and wealthresourcefulnessthe nature of sorrow

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph (for the poor brother), pride to humility to ruin (for the rich brother)

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: personification of abstract concepts, repetition of character names (Sorrow)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person (brothers), person vs self (poor brother's despair, rich brother's greed), person vs supernatural (both brothers vs Sorrow)
Ending: moral justice
Magic: personified 'Sorrow' that can speak, influence actions, and be physically trapped
Sorrow (personification of despair, addiction, and ultimately, a catalyst)the stone (hiding place of both treasure and trapped Sorrow)the wheel (a trap for Sorrow, symbolizing a turning point)

Cultural Context

Origin: Russian (collected by Afanas'ev)
Era: timeless fairy tale

Afanas'ev's collection of Russian fairy tales often reflects the social stratification and hardships of peasant life in pre-industrial Russia, as well as common folk beliefs and personifications.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. A poor peasant brother, with starving children, seeks help from his rich merchant brother.
  2. The rich brother makes the poor brother work for a week for a single loaf of bread, then invites him to his name-day feast.
  3. At the feast, the rich brother ignores and humiliates the poor brother and his wife, giving them nothing to eat.
  4. On the way home, the poor brother sings to hide his shame, and 'Sorrow' joins him, then reveals itself as a companion.
  5. Sorrow convinces the poor brother to drink away all his possessions, including his half-fur, sleigh, carriage, plough, and even his wife's clothes.
  6. After everything is gone, Sorrow leads the poor brother to a large stone in a field, under which a treasure of gold is hidden.
  7. The poor brother loads the gold, then tricks Sorrow into the pit under the stone and traps it by rolling the stone back.
  8. The poor brother returns home, uses the gold to become wealthy, and invites his rich brother to his own name-day feast.
  9. The rich brother is astonished by his brother's new wealth and asks how he achieved it.
  10. The poor brother recounts his experience with Sorrow and how he trapped it.
  11. The rich brother, consumed by envy, goes to the stone to release Sorrow, hoping it will ruin his brother.
  12. Sorrow springs onto the rich brother's shoulders, refusing to leave him, and begins to make him drink away his wealth.
  13. The rich brother, desperate to escape Sorrow, tricks it into hiding inside a wheel, then throws the wheel and Sorrow into the river, drowning it.
  14. The rich brother returns to his previous life, free from Sorrow, while the poor brother remains prosperous.

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