DOCTOR KNOWALL
by Brothers Grimm
Original Story
DOCTOR KNOWALL

There was once on a time, a poor peasant called Crab, who drove two oxen with a load of wood to town, and sold it to a doctor for two dollars.
When the money was being counted out to him, it so happened that the doctor was sitting at table, and when the peasant saw how daintily he ate and drank, his heart desired what he saw, and he would willingly have been a doctor. So he remained standing a while, and at length inquired if he, too, could not be a doctor.
“Oh, yes,” said the doctor, “that is soon managed.”
“What must I do?” asked the peasant.
“In the first place, buy yourself an A B C book of the kind which has a cock on the frontispiece. In the second, turn your cart and your two oxen into money, and get yourself some clothes, and whatsoever else pertains to medicine. Thirdly, have a sign painted with the words, ‘I am Doctor Knowall,’ and have that nailed up above your house-door.”
The peasant did everything that he had been told to do. When he had doctored people a while, but not long, a rich and 258 great lord had some money stolen. Then he was told about Doctor Knowall who lived in such and such a village, and must know what had become of the money. So the lord had the horses put in his carriage, drove out to the village, and asked Crab if he were Doctor Knowall?
Yes, he was, he said.
Then he was to go with him and bring back the stolen money.
“Oh, yes, but Grethe, my wife, must go too.”
The lord was willing, and let both of them have a seat in the carriage. They all drove away together. When they came to the nobleman’s castle, the table was spread, and Crab was told to sit down and eat.
“Yes, but my wife, Grethe, too,” said he, and he seated himself with her at the table.
And when the first servant came with a dish of delicate fare, the peasant nudged his wife, and said, “Grethe, that was the first,” meaning that was the servant who brought the first dish.
The servant, however, thought he intended by that to say, “That is the first thief,” and as he actually was so, he was terrified, and said to his comrade outside, “The doctor knows all! we shall fare badly; he said I was the first.”
The second did not want to go in at all, but was obliged to. So when he went in, the peasant nudged his wife, and said, “Grethe, that is the second.” This servant was so frightened, that he got out.
With the third, it did not fare any better, for the peasant said again, “Grethe, that is the third.”
The fourth had to carry in a covered dish. In it were crabs.

259 The lord told the doctor that he must show his skill by guessing what was under the cover. The doctor looked at the dish, had no idea what was in it, and cried out, “Alas! poor Crab!”
When the lord heard that, he cried, “There! he knows who has the money!”
At this, the servants were terribly anxious. They winked at the doctor to come out to them. When he went out, they all four confessed that they had stolen the money, and that they were willing to restore it. They led him to the spot where it was hidden.
Thus the lord got back his wealth, and Doctor Knowall received a large reward and became a famous man.


Story DNA
Moral
Sometimes, a reputation, even if undeserved, can lead to unexpected success, and fear can make people confess their misdeeds.
Plot Summary
A poor peasant named Crab, inspired by a doctor's lifestyle, follows facetious advice to become 'Doctor Knowall.' When a rich lord's money is stolen, he summons the famed doctor. At dinner, Crab's innocent comments about the number of servants bringing dishes are misinterpreted by the guilty servants as accusations. Finally, when asked to guess the contents of a covered dish, Crab exclaims 'Alas! poor Crab!' (referring to himself and the dish's contents), which is taken as proof of his knowledge. The terrified servants confess, return the money, and Doctor Knowall becomes a celebrated figure.
Themes
Emotional Arc
ignorance to fame
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Reflects a time when formal education was not universally accessible, and a 'doctor' might be seen as possessing mysterious knowledge. The story plays on the social gap between a simple peasant and a learned professional.
Plot Beats (13)
- Poor peasant Crab sells wood to a doctor and is impressed by the doctor's comfortable life.
- Crab asks the doctor how to become a doctor, and the doctor jokingly gives him instructions.
- Crab follows the instructions, buying an ABC book with a cock, selling his oxen for clothes and medical items, and putting up a sign: 'I am Doctor Knowall'.
- A rich lord, whose money was stolen, hears of Doctor Knowall and sends for him.
- Crab insists his wife Grethe accompany him to the lord's castle.
- At dinner, Crab and Grethe are seated, and Crab comments to his wife, 'That was the first,' as the first servant brings a dish.
- The first servant, who is one of the thieves, misinterprets Crab's comment as an accusation and becomes terrified.
- The second and third servants bring dishes, and Crab repeats his comment, further terrifying them.
- The fourth servant brings a covered dish, and the lord asks Doctor Knowall to guess its contents.
- Crab, seeing the dish, exclaims, 'Alas! poor Crab!', referring to himself and the dish's contents (crabs).
- The lord and the servants interpret Crab's exclamation as a revelation of the thieves' identity.
- The four servants, now completely terrified, confess their theft to Doctor Knowall outside and show him where the money is hidden.
- The lord recovers his money, and Doctor Knowall receives a large reward and becomes famous.
Characters
Crab
Poor peasant, initially uneducated
Attire: Simple peasant clothing, likely coarse and functional
Ambitious, opportunistic, clever
Grethe
Peasant woman
Attire: Simple peasant dress, apron
Quiet, observant, supportive
The Lord
Rich and great nobleman
Attire: Fine clothing befitting his status, possibly velvet or silk
Wealthy, trusting, easily impressed
First Servant
Anxious, guilty
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Second Servant
Anxious, guilty
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Third Servant
Anxious, guilty
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Fourth Servant
Anxious, guilty
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Locations
Peasant's Cottage
A humble dwelling with a door suitable for nailing a sign.
Mood: modest, simple
Crab establishes his identity as Doctor Knowall.
Doctor's Dining Table
A table set with 'dainty' food and drink, implying richness and refinement.
Mood: desirable, enviable
Crab is inspired to become a doctor.
Nobleman's Castle Dining Hall
A grand hall with a table set for a feast, servants attending with covered dishes.
Mood: formal, tense
Doctor Knowall inadvertently reveals the thieves.
Hidden Spot
A secret location where the stolen money is concealed.
Mood: secretive, anxious
The stolen money is recovered.