LITTLE SNOW-WHITE
by Brothers Grimm
Original Story
LITTLE SNOW-WHITE

Once upon a time, in the middle of winter, when the flakes of snow were falling like feathers from the sky, a Queen sat at a window sewing, and the frame of the window was made of black ebony.
And whilst she was sewing and looking out of the window at the snow, she pricked her finger with the needle, and three drops of blood fell upon the snow. And the red looked pretty upon the white snow, and she thought to herself, “Would that I had a child as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as the wood of the window-frame.”
Soon after that she had a little daughter, who was as white as snow, and as red as blood, and her hair was as black as ebony. She was therefore called little Snow-White. And when the child was born, the Queen died.
After a year had passed the King took to himself another wife. She was a beautiful woman, but proud and haughty, and she could not bear that any one else should surpass her in beauty. She had a wonderful looking-glass, and when she stood in front of it and looked at herself in it, and said:
the Looking-Glass answered:
Then she was satisfied, for she knew that the Looking-Glass spoke the truth.
But little Snow-White was growing up, and grew more and more beautiful. When she was seven years old she was as beautiful as the day, and more beautiful than the Queen herself. And once when the Queen asked her Looking-Glass:
it answered:
Then the Queen was shocked, and turned yellow and green with envy. From that hour, whenever she looked at little Snow-White, her heart heaved in her breast, she hated the maiden so much.
And envy and pride grew higher and higher in her heart like a weed, so that she had no peace day or night. She called a huntsman, and said, “Take the child away into the forest. I will no longer have her in my sight. Kill her.”
The huntsman obeyed, and took her away. But when he had drawn his knife, and was about to pierce little Snow-White’s innocent heart, she began to weep, and said, “Ah, dear Huntsman, leave me my life! I will run away into the wild forest, and never come home again.”
161 And as she was so beautiful, the huntsman had pity on her and said, “Run away, then, you poor child.” “The wild beasts will soon have devoured you,” thought he, and yet it seemed as if a stone had been rolled from his heart since it was no longer needful for him to kill her.
But now, the poor child was all alone in the great forest, and so terrified that she looked at every leaf of every tree, and did not know what to do. Then she began to run, and ran over sharp stones and through thorns, and the wild beasts ran past her, but did her no harm.
She ran as long as her feet would go, until it was almost evening. Then she saw a little cottage and went into it to rest herself. Everything in the cottage was small, but neater and cleaner than can be told. There was a table on which was a white cover, and seven little plates, and on each plate a little spoon. Moreover, there were seven little knives and forks, and seven little mugs. Against the wall stood seven little beds side by side, and covered with snow-white counterpanes.
Little Snow-White was so hungry and thirsty, that she ate some vegetables and bread from each plate and drank a drop of wine out of each mug, for she did not wish to take all from one only. Then, as she was so tired, she laid herself down on one of the little beds, but none of them suited her. One was too long, another too short, but at last she found that the seventh one was right, so she remained in it, said a prayer and went to sleep.
When it was quite dark the owners of the cottage came back. They were seven Dwarfs who dug and delved in the mountains for ore. They lit their seven candles, and, as it was now light 162 within the cottage, they saw that some one had been there, for everything was not in the same order in which they had left it.
The first said, “Who has been sitting on my chair?”
The second, “Who has been eating off my plate?”
The third, “Who has been taking some of my bread?”
The fourth, “Who has been eating my vegetables?”
The fifth, “Who has been using my fork?”
The sixth, “Who has been cutting with my knife?”
The seventh, “Who has been drinking out of my mug?”
Then the first looked round and saw that there was a little hole on his bed, and he said, “Who has been getting into my bed?”
The others came up and each called out, “Somebody has been lying in my bed too.”
But the seventh when he looked at his bed saw little Snow-White, who was lying fast asleep therein. And he called the others, who came running up, and they cried out with astonishment, and brought their seven little candles and let the light fall on little Snow-White.
“Oh, oh!” cried they, “what a lovely child!” and they were so glad that they did not wake her up, but let her sleep on in the bed. And the seventh Dwarf slept with his companions, one hour with each, and so got through the night.
The next morning, little Snow-White awoke, and was frightened when she saw the seven Dwarfs. But they were friendly and asked her what her name was.
“My name is little Snow-White,” she answered.
“How have you come to our house?” said the Dwarfs.
Then she told them that the wicked Queen had wished to 163 have her killed, but that the huntsman had spared her life, and that she had run for the whole day, until at last she had found their dwelling.
The Dwarfs said, “If you will take care of our house, cook, make the beds, wash, sew, and knit, and if you will keep everything neat and clean, you may stay with us and you shall want for nothing.”
“Yes,” said little Snow-White, “with all my heart,” and she stayed with them.
She kept the house in order for them. In the mornings they went to the mountains and looked for copper and gold, in the evenings they came back, and then their supper had to be ready.
The maiden was alone the whole day, so the good Dwarfs warned her and said, “Beware of the Queen, she will soon know that you are here. Be sure to let no one come in.”
But the Queen, believing that little Snow-White was dead, could not but think that she herself was again the first and most beautiful of all. She went to her Looking-Glass, and said:
and the Glass answered:
Then she was astounded, for she knew that the Looking-Glass never spoke falsely, and she knew that the huntsman had betrayed her, for that little Snow-White was still alive.
164 And so she thought and thought again how she might kill her, for so long as she herself was not the fairest in the whole land, envy let her have no rest. And when she had at last thought of something to do, she painted her face, and dressed herself like an old pedler-woman, and no one could have known her.
In this disguise she went over the Seven Mountains to the Seven Dwarfs, and knocked at the door and cried, “Pretty things to sell, very cheap, very cheap!”
Little Snow-White looked out at the window, and called, “Good-day, my dear woman, what have you to sell?”
“Good things, pretty things,” she answered; “stay-laces of all colors,” and she pulled out one which was woven of bright-colored silk.
“I may let the worthy old woman in,” thought little Snow-White, and she unbolted the door and bought the pretty laces.
“Child,” said the old woman, “what a fright you look. Come, I will lace you properly for once.”
Little Snow-White had no suspicion, but stood before her, and let herself be laced with the new laces. But the old woman laced so quickly and laced so tightly that little Snow-White lost her breath and fell down as if dead.
“Now I am the most beautiful,” said the Queen to herself, and ran away.
Not long afterward, in the evening, the Seven Dwarfs came home. But how shocked they were when they saw their dear little Snow-White lying on the ground, and that she neither stirred nor moved, and seemed to be dead. They lifted her up, and, as they saw that she was laced too tightly, they cut the 165 laces. Than she began to breathe a little, and after a while came to life again.
When the Dwarfs heard what had happened, they said, “The old pedler-woman was no one else than the wicked Queen. Take care and let no one come in when we are not with you.”
But the wicked woman, when she had reached home, went in front of the Glass and asked:
and it answered as before:
When she heard that, all her blood rushed to her heart with fear, for she saw plainly that little Snow-White was again alive. “But now,” she said, “I will think of something that shall put an end to you,” and by the help of witchcraft, which she understood, she made a poisonous comb.
Then she disguised herself, and took the shape of another old woman. So she went over the Seven Mountains to the Seven Dwarfs, knocked at the door, and cried, “Good things to sell, cheap, cheap!”
Little Snow-White looked out, and said, “Go away. I cannot let any one come in.”
“I suppose you may look,” said the old woman, and pulled the poisonous comb out and held it up.
It pleased the maiden so well that she let herself be beguiled, 166 and opened the door. When they had made a bargain, the old woman said, “Now I will comb you properly for once.”
Poor little Snow-White had no suspicion, and let the Old Woman do as she pleased. But hardly had she put the comb in her hair, then the poison in it took effect, and the maiden fell down senseless.
“You paragon of beauty,” said the wicked woman, “you are done for now!” and she went away.
But fortunately it was almost evening, and the Seven Dwarfs came home. When they saw little Snow-White lying as if dead upon the ground, they at once suspected the Queen. They looked and found the poisoned comb. Scarcely had they taken it out, when little Snow-White came to herself, and told them what had happened. Then they warned her once more to be upon her guard, and to open the door to no one.
The Queen, at home, went in front of the Glass and said:
then it answered as before:
When she heard the Glass speak thus, she trembled and shook with rage. “Little Snow-White shall die,” she cried, “even if it costs me my life!”
Thereupon she went into a secret, lonely room, where no one ever came, and there she made a very poisonous apple. Outside it looked pretty, white with a red cheek, so that every 167 one who saw it longed for it. But whoever ate a piece of it must surely die.
When the apple was ready, she painted her face, and dressed herself as a countrywoman, and so she went over the Seven Mountains to the Seven Dwarfs. She knocked at the door. Little Snow-White put her head out of the window and said, “I cannot let any one in. The Seven Dwarfs have forbidden me.”
“It is all the same to me,” answered the woman, “I shall soon get rid of my apples. There, I will give you one.”
“No,” said little Snow-White, “I dare not take anything.”
“Are you afraid of poison?” said the old woman. “Look, I will cut the apple in two pieces. You eat the red cheek, and I will eat the white.”
The apple was so cunningly made that only the red cheek was poisoned. Little Snow-White longed for the fine apple, and when she saw that the woman ate part of it, she could resist no longer, and stretched out her hand and took the poisonous half. But hardly had she a bit of it in her mouth, than she fell down dead.
Then the Queen looked at her with a dreadful look, and laughed aloud, and said, “White as snow, red as blood, black as ebony-wood! This time the Dwarfs cannot wake you up again!”
And when she asked of the Looking-Glass at home:
it answered at last:
Then her envious heart had rest, so far as an envious heart can have rest.
The Dwarfs, when they came home in the evening, found little Snow-White lying upon the ground. She breathed no longer and was dead. They lifted her up, looked to see whether they could find anything poisonous, unlaced her, combed her hair, washed her with water and wine, but it was all of no use. The poor child was dead, and remained dead. They laid her upon a bier, and all seven of them sat round it and wept for her, and wept three days long.
Then they were going to bury her, but she still looked as if she was living, and still had her pretty red cheeks. They said, “We could not bury her in the dark ground,” and they had a transparent coffin of glass made, so that she might be seen from all sides. They laid her in it, and wrote her name upon it in golden letters, and that she was a King’s Daughter.
Then they put the coffin out upon the mountain, and one of them always stayed by it to watch it. And birds came too, and wept for little Snow-White; first an owl, then a raven, and last a dove.
And now little Snow-White lay a long, long time in the coffin. She did not change, but looked as if she were asleep; for she was as white as snow, as red as blood, and her hair was as black as ebony.
It happened, however, that a King’s Son came into the forest, and went to the Dwarfs’ house to spend the night. He saw the coffin on the mountain, and the beautiful little Snow-White within it, and read what was written upon it in golden letters.
169 Then he said to the Dwarfs, “Let me have the coffin. I will give you whatever you want for it.”
But the Dwarfs answered, “We will not part with it for all the gold in the world.”
Then he said, “Let me have it as a gift, for I cannot live without seeing little Snow-White. I will honor and prize her as my dearest possession,” As he spoke in this way the good Dwarfs took pity upon him, and gave him the coffin.
And now the King’s Son had it carried away by his servants on their shoulders. And it happened, that they stumbled over a tree-stump, and with the shock the poisonous piece of apple, which little Snow-White had bitten off, came out of her throat. And before long she opened her eyes, lifted up the lid of the coffin, sat up, and was once more alive.
“Oh, where am I?” she cried.
The King’s Son, full of joy, said, “You are with me,” and told her what had happened, and said, “I love you more than everything in the world. Come with me to my father’s palace, you shall be my wife.”
And little Snow-White was willing, and went with him, and their wedding was held with great show and splendor. But the wicked Queen was also bidden to the feast. When she had arrayed herself in beautiful clothes, she went before the Looking-Glass, and said:
the Glass answered:
170 Then the wicked woman uttered a curse, and was so wretched, so utterly wretched, that she knew not what to do. At first she would not go to the wedding at all, but she had no peace, and must go to see the young Queen.
And when she went in she knew little Snow-White. And she stood still with rage and fear, and could not stir. But iron slippers had already been put upon the fire, and they were brought in with tongs, and set before her. Then she was forced to put on the red-hot shoes, and dance until she dropped down dead.


Story DNA
Moral
Envy and vanity can lead to destruction, while true goodness and purity are ultimately rewarded.
Plot Summary
Born with skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair as black as ebony, Snow-White's beauty eventually surpasses her vain stepmother, the Queen. Enraged, the Queen repeatedly tries to murder Snow-White, first sending a huntsman who spares her, leading her to find refuge with seven Dwarfs. Despite the Dwarfs' warnings, the Queen, in various disguises, twice attempts to kill Snow-White with poisoned objects, only for the Dwarfs to revive her. Finally, the Queen poisons Snow-White with an apple, leaving her in a death-like sleep in a glass coffin. A Prince discovers her, and during transport, the apple piece dislodges, reviving Snow-White, who then marries the Prince, while the wicked Queen is forced to dance to her death in red-hot shoes.
Themes
Emotional Arc
innocence threatened to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Collected by the Brothers Grimm in the 19th century, reflecting European folklore traditions. The punishment of the stepmother (red-hot shoes) is a common motif in older versions of fairy tales, emphasizing severe justice.
Plot Beats (15)
- A Queen wishes for a child as white as snow, red as blood, and black as ebony; she gives birth to Snow-White and dies.
- The King remarries a vain Queen who possesses a Magic Mirror that confirms her beauty.
- When Snow-White turns seven, the Mirror declares her more beautiful than the Queen, enraging the Queen.
- The Queen orders a huntsman to kill Snow-White, but he takes pity on her and lets her escape into the forest.
- Snow-White discovers a small cottage belonging to seven Dwarfs and, after tidying it, falls asleep.
- The Dwarfs return, find Snow-White, and agree to let her stay if she keeps house, warning her not to let anyone in.
- The Queen learns from the Mirror that Snow-White is alive, disguises herself as a peddler, and laces Snow-White too tightly, causing her to faint.
- The Dwarfs return, revive Snow-White by cutting the lace, and warn her again.
- The Queen learns Snow-White is still alive, disguises herself again, and poisons Snow-White with a comb, causing her to faint.
- The Dwarfs return, revive Snow-White by removing the comb, and issue a final warning.
- The Queen learns Snow-White is still alive, creates a poisoned apple, and tricks Snow-White into eating it, causing her to fall into a death-like sleep.
- The Dwarfs find Snow-White, cannot revive her, and place her in a glass coffin on the mountain.
- A Prince discovers Snow-White's coffin, falls in love with her, and convinces the Dwarfs to let him take it.
- As the Prince's servants carry the coffin, they stumble, dislodging the poisoned apple from Snow-White's throat, reviving her.
- Snow-White marries the Prince; the wicked Queen attends the wedding, is recognized, and is forced to dance in red-hot shoes until she dies.
Characters
Snow-White
White as snow, red as blood, hair as black as ebony
Attire: Simple child's dress, likely of homespun fabric in a German Renaissance style
Innocent, trusting, kind
Queen
Beautiful, but turns yellow and green with envy
Attire: Richly adorned royal gowns, jewels, and a crown befitting her status
Envious, vain, cruel
Huntsman
Strong, capable, but with a capacity for pity
Attire: Leather jerkin, hunting knife, practical boots
Obedient, conflicted, merciful
Dwarfs
Small stature, beards
Attire: Dwarven miners' clothes, including tunics, leather aprons, and caps
Industrious, protective, communal
Prince
Handsome, noble
Attire: Fine clothing befitting a prince, including velvet jackets and breeches
Determined, romantic, decisive
Looking-Glass
A beautiful mirror with an ornate frame
Attire: Ornate frame of gold or silver
Truthful, impartial
Locations
Queen's sewing room
A room with a window framed in black ebony
Mood: melancholy, domestic
The Queen wishes for a daughter with specific coloring.
Wild Forest
A vast and frightening forest with sharp stones and thorns
Mood: terrifying, desolate
Snow-White flees into the forest to escape the huntsman.
Dwarfs' cottage
A small, neat cottage with miniature furniture
Mood: cozy, safe
Snow-White finds refuge and lives with the dwarfs.
Secret, lonely room
A hidden room where no one ever comes
Mood: eerie, secretive
The Queen prepares the poisoned apple.
Mountain with glass coffin
A mountain peak where Snow-White lies in a transparent glass coffin
Mood: mournful, exposed
Snow-White is awakened when the coffin is jostled.