RUMPELSTILTSKIN
by Brothers Grimm
Original Story
RUMPELSTILTSKIN

Once there was a miller who was poor, but who had a beautiful daughter. Now it happened that he had to speak to the King, and in order to make himself appear important he said to him, “I have a daughter who can spin straw into gold.”
The King said to the miller, “That is an art which pleases me well. If your daughter is as clever as you say, bring her to-morrow to my palace, and I will try what she can do.”
And when the girl was brought to him, he took her into a room which was quite full of straw, gave her a spinning-wheel and a reel, and said, “Now set to work. If by to-morrow morning early, you have not spun this straw into gold, you must die.”
Thereupon he himself locked up the room, and left her in it alone. So there sat the poor miller’s daughter, and for her life could not tell what to do. She had no idea how straw could be spun into gold; and she grew more and more miserable, until at last she began to weep.
But all at once the door opened, and in came a Little Man, 172 and said, “Good evening, Mistress Miller. Why are you crying so?”
“Alas!” answered the girl, “I have to spin straw into gold, and I do not know how to do it.”
“What will you give me,” said the Little Man, “if I do it for you?”
“My necklace,” said the girl.
The Little Man took the necklace, seated himself in front of the wheel, and whirr, whirr, whirr, three turns, and the reel was full. Then he put another on, and whirr, whirr, whirr, three times round, and the second was full too. And so it went on till the morning, when all the straw was spun, and all the reels were full of gold.
By daybreak, the King was there, and when he saw the gold, he was astonished and delighted, but his heart became only more greedy. He had the miller’s daughter taken into another room full of straw, which was much larger, and commanded her to spin that also in one night if she valued her life.
The girl knew not how to help herself, and was crying, when the door again opened, and the Little Man appeared, and said, “What will you give me if I spin the straw into gold for you?”
“The ring on my finger,” answered the girl.
The Little Man took the ring, again began to turn the wheel, and, by morning, had spun all the straw into glittering gold.
The King rejoiced beyond measure at the sight, but still he had not gold enough. He had the miller’s daughter taken into a still larger room full of straw, and said, “You must spin this, too, in the course of this night. But if you succeed, you shall 173 be my wife.” “Even if she be a miller’s daughter,” thought he, “I could not find a richer wife in the whole world.”
When the girl was alone the Little Man came again for the third time, and said, “What will you give me if I spin the straw for you this time also?”
“I have nothing left that I could give,” answered the girl.
“Then promise me, if you should become Queen, your first child.”
“Who knows whether that will ever happen?” thought the miller’s daughter. And, not knowing how else to help herself in this difficulty, she promised the Little Man what he wanted. And for that he once more span the straw into gold.
And when the King came in the morning, and found all as he had wished, he took her in marriage. And the pretty miller’s daughter became a Queen.
A year after, she had a beautiful child, and she never gave a thought to the Little Man. But suddenly he came into her room, and said, “Now give me what you promised.”
The Queen was horror-struck, and offered the Little Man all the riches of the kingdom if he would leave her the child.
But the Little Man said, “No, something that is alive, is dearer to me than all the treasures in the world.”
Then the Queen began to weep and cry, so that the Little Man pitied her. “I will give you three days’ time,” said he; “if by that time you find out my name, then you shall keep your child.”
So the Queen thought the whole night of all the names that she had ever heard, and she sent a messenger over the country to inquire, far and wide, for any other names there might be.
174 When the Little Man came the next day, she began with Caspar, Melchior, Balthazar, and said all the names she knew, one after another. But to every one the Little Man said, “That is not my name.”
On the second day, she had inquiries made in the neighborhood as to the names of the people there. And she repeated to the Little Man the most uncommon and curious, “Perhaps your name is Shortribs , or Sheepshanks , or Laceleg ?” but he always answered, “That is not my name.”
On the third day, the messenger came back again, and said, “I have not been able to find a single new name. But as I came to a high mountain at the end of the forest, where the fox and the hare bid each other good night, there I saw a little house. Before the house a fire was burning, and round about the fire a funny Little Man was jumping. He hopped upon one leg, and shouted:
You may think how glad the Queen was when she heard the name! And when soon afterward the Little Man came in, and asked, “Now, Mistress Queen, what is my name?” she said:
“Is your name Conrad ?”
“No.”
“Is your name Harry ?”
“No.”
“Perhaps your name is Rumpelstiltskin ?”

175 “The devil has told you that! the devil has told you that!” cried the Little Man, and in his anger he stamped his right foot so deep into the earth that his whole leg went in. And then in rage, he pulled at his left leg so hard with both hands, that he tore himself in two.


Story DNA
Moral
Be careful what promises you make in desperation, and never underestimate the power of knowing someone's true identity.
Plot Summary
A poor miller boasts his daughter can spin straw into gold, leading the King to trap her with this impossible task. A mysterious Little Man appears, spinning the straw into gold in exchange for her valuables, eventually demanding her firstborn child for the final, largest task. The girl becomes Queen and has a child, but the Little Man returns to claim it. Given three days to guess his name, the Queen desperately searches until a messenger overhears the Little Man singing his name, Rumpelstiltskin. The Queen reveals his name, causing the enraged Little Man to destroy himself, freeing her and her child.
Themes
Emotional Arc
desperation to relief to terror to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Collected by the Brothers Grimm in the 19th century, reflecting common European folk motifs of magical helpers, impossible tasks, and the power of true names.
Plot Beats (14)
- A poor miller falsely boasts to the King that his daughter can spin straw into gold.
- The King locks the miller's daughter in a room full of straw, demanding she spin it into gold by morning or die.
- A Little Man appears and spins the straw into gold in exchange for her necklace.
- The King, delighted but greedy, demands she spin a larger room of straw into gold, and the Little Man does so for her ring.
- The King demands she spin an even larger room of straw into gold, promising to marry her if she succeeds; the Little Man demands her firstborn child as payment.
- The girl, out of desperation, agrees to the Little Man's demand, and he spins the last room of straw into gold.
- The King marries the miller's daughter, and she becomes Queen, later giving birth to a child.
- The Little Man reappears to claim the child, reminding the Queen of her forgotten promise.
- The Queen offers all her riches to keep the child, but the Little Man refuses, valuing life over treasure.
- The Little Man, pitying the Queen's distress, gives her three days to guess his name, or he will take the child.
- The Queen sends messengers and tries many names, but the Little Man rejects them all.
- On the third day, the messenger reports overhearing a strange Little Man dancing around a fire and singing his own name: Rumpelstiltskin.
- When the Little Man returns, the Queen feigns ignorance before triumphantly revealing his name.
- Enraged by the discovery of his name, Rumpelstiltskin stamps his foot so hard he tears himself in two, disappearing forever.
Characters
Miller's Daughter
Beautiful
Attire: Simple peasant dress, apron, later royal gowns
Resourceful, initially helpless but becomes clever, ultimately maternal
Rumpelstiltskin
Little Man, funny
Attire: Unspecified, but likely eccentric and perhaps slightly ragged
Greedy, secretive, easily angered
King
Not specified, but implied to be wealthy and powerful
Attire: Royal attire, crown, jewels
Greedy, demanding, easily impressed
Miller
Poor
Attire: Simple miller's clothing
Boastful, desperate to appear important
Locations
Straw-filled Room in the Palace
A room quite full of straw, containing a spinning-wheel and a reel.
Mood: desperate, hopeless, then industrious and magical
The miller's daughter is forced to spin straw into gold or face death; Rumpelstiltskin appears and spins the straw in exchange for her possessions and, eventually, her firstborn child.
Queen's Bedchamber
The Queen's private room, presumably richly decorated.
Mood: peaceful, then terrified
Rumpelstiltskin returns to claim the Queen's firstborn child, leading to the bargain where she must guess his name.
High Mountain Forest Clearing
A clearing at the end of the forest on a high mountain, where a fire burns before a little house.
Mood: eerie, isolated, magical
The messenger spies Rumpelstiltskin dancing around the fire and singing his name, which is then revealed to the Queen.