THE HEDGE-KING
by Brothers Grimm
Original Story
THE HEDGE-KING

In former days, every sound had its meaning, the birds also had their own language which every one understood. Now it only sounds like chirping, screeching, and whistling, and to some, like music without words.
It came into the birds’ mind, however, that they would no longer be without a ruler, and would choose one of themselves to be King.
One alone amongst them, the green plover, was opposed to this. He had lived free and would die free, and anxiously flying hither and thither, he cried, “Where shall I go? where shall I go?” He retired into a lonely and unfrequented marsh, and showed himself no more among his fellows.
The birds now wished to discuss the matter, and on a fine May morning they all gathered together from the woods and fields: eagles and chaffinches, owls and crows, larks and sparrows, how can I name them all? Even the cuckoo came, and the hoopoe, his clerk, who is so called because he is always heard a few days before him, and a very small bird which as yet had no name, mingled with the band.
311 The hen, which by some accident had heard nothing of the whole matter, was astonished at the great assemblage. “What, what, what is going to be done?” she cackled. But the cock calmed his beloved hen, and said, “Only rich people,” and told her what they had on hand.
It was decided, however, that the one who could fly the highest should be King. A tree-frog which was sitting among the bushes, when he heard that, cried a warning, “No, no, no! no!” because he thought that many tears would be shed because of this. But the crow said, “Caw, caw,” and that all would pass off peaceably.
It was now determined that, on this fine morning, they should at once begin to ascend, so that hereafter no one should be able to say, “I could easily have flown much higher, but the evening came on, and I could do no more.”
On a given signal, therefore, the whole troop rose up in the air. The dust ascended from the land, and there was tremendous fluttering and whirring and beating of wings. It looked as if a black cloud was rising up. The little birds were, however, soon left behind. They could go no farther, and fell back to the ground.
The larger birds held out longer, but none could equal the eagle, who mounted so high that he could have picked the eyes out of the sun. And when he saw that the others could not get up to him, he thought, “Why should I fly any higher, I am the King?” and began to let himself down again.
The birds beneath him at once cried to him, “You must be our King, no one has flown so high as you.”
“Except me,” screamed the little fellow without a name, 312 who had crept into the breast-feathers of the eagle. And as he was not at all tired, he rose up and mounted so high that he reached heaven itself. When, however, he had gone as far as this, he folded his wings together, and called down with clear and penetrating voice:
“You, our King?” cried the birds angrily. “You have done this by trick and cunning!”
So they made another condition. He should be King who could go down lowest in the ground. How the goose did flap about with its broad breast when it was once more on the land! How quickly the cock scratched a hole! The duck came off the worst of all, for she leapt into a ditch, but sprained her legs, and waddled away to a neighboring pond, crying, “Cheating, cheating!”
The little bird without a name, however, sought out a mouse-hole, slipped down into it, and cried out of it, with his small voice:
“You our King!” cried the birds still more angrily. “Do you think your cunning shall prevail?”
They determined to keep him a prisoner in the hole and starve him out. The owl was placed as sentinel in front of it, and was not to let the rascal out if she had any value for her life. When evening was come all the birds were feeling very tired after exerting their wings so much that they went to bed with their wives and children.
The owl alone remained standing by the mouse-hole, 313 gazing steadfastly into it with her great eyes. In the meantime she, too, had grown tired and thought to herself, “You might certainly shut one eye, you will still watch with the other, and the little miscreant shall not come out of his hole.” So she shut one eye, and with the other looked straight at the mouse-hole.
The little fellow put his head out and peeped, and wanted to slip away, but the owl came forward, and he drew his head back. Then the owl opened the one eye again, and shut the other, intending to shut them in turn all through the night.
But when she next shut the one eye, she forgot to open the other. And as soon as both her eyes were shut, she fell asleep. The little fellow soon saw that, and slipped away.
From that day forth, the owl has never dared to show herself by daylight, for if she does the other birds chase her and pluck her feathers out. She only flies out by night, but hates and pursues mice because they make such ugly holes.
The little bird, too, is very unwilling to let himself be seen, because he is afraid it will cost him his life if he is caught. He steals about in the hedges, and when he is quite safe, he sometimes cries, “I am King,” and for this reason, the other birds call him in mockery, “Hedge-King.”
No one, however, was so happy as the lark at not having to obey the little King. As soon as the sun appears, she ascends high in the air and cries, “Ah, how beautiful that is! beautiful that is! beautiful, beautiful! ah, how beautiful that is!”


Story DNA
Moral
Cunning and wit can sometimes overcome brute strength or traditional qualifications, but such victories may come with lasting social consequences.
Plot Summary
The birds decide to elect a king, with the highest flyer to win. The eagle soars highest, but a tiny, unnamed bird, hidden in the eagle's feathers, flies even higher, claiming victory through trickery. Angered, the birds propose a new challenge: whoever goes lowest will be king. The tiny bird again wins by hiding in a mouse-hole. The birds imprison him with an owl as guard, but the owl falls asleep, allowing his escape. The tiny bird becomes the 'Hedge-King' but lives in hiding, the owl is shamed and hunts mice, and the lark celebrates freedom from such a ruler.
Themes
Emotional Arc
ambition to triumph to ostracization
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The Brothers Grimm collected and published this tale, reflecting common European folk motifs and narrative structures from the 19th century.
Plot Beats (13)
- Birds decide they need a king and gather to choose one, except for the green plover who values freedom.
- The hen and cock discuss the assembly, and a tree-frog and crow comment on the decision-making.
- The birds decide the one who flies highest will be king.
- All birds fly up, but only the eagle reaches a great height, declaring himself king.
- A tiny, unnamed bird, hidden in the eagle's feathers, flies even higher, claiming victory.
- The other birds are angry at the trick and set a new challenge: whoever goes lowest will be king.
- Various birds try to go low, but the tiny bird hides in a mouse-hole, proclaiming himself king again.
- The birds are furious and decide to trap the tiny bird in the mouse-hole, with the owl as sentinel.
- The owl, tired, tries to guard with one eye open, but eventually falls asleep with both eyes closed.
- The tiny bird escapes from the mouse-hole while the owl is asleep.
- From that day, the owl is ashamed and only flies at night, hunting mice for their holes.
- The tiny bird, now called the 'Hedge-King' in mockery, lives in hiding, occasionally proclaiming his kingship.
- The lark is happy not to obey the Hedge-King and sings joyfully in the sky.
Characters
Green Plover
Green plumage
Attire: Natural feathers
Independent, freedom-loving
Eagle
Large, powerful wings
Attire: Natural feathers
Proud, confident
Little Bird (Hedge-King)
Very small
Attire: Natural feathers
Cunning, ambitious
Owl
Large eyes
Attire: Natural feathers
Tired, easily tricked
Lark
Soaring high in the sky
Attire: Natural feathers
Joyful, appreciative
Locations
Marsh
A lonely and unfrequented marsh
Mood: desolate, isolated
The green plover retreats here to avoid the election.
Clearing in the woods and fields
Open space where birds gather
Mood: bustling, expectant
The birds gather to elect a king.
The Sky
Vast expanse above the earth
Mood: competitive, expansive
The birds compete to fly the highest.
Mouse-hole
Small opening in the ground
Mood: claustrophobic, tense
The little bird hides and is guarded by the owl.
Hedges
Thick bushes forming a boundary
Mood: secretive, hidden
The Hedge-King hides and proclaims his kingship.