THE SHOES THAT WERE DANCED to PIECES
by Brothers Grimm
Original Story
THE SHOES THAT WERE DANCED TO PIECES

There was once upon a time, a King who had twelve daughters, each one more beautiful than the other. They all slept together in one chamber, in which their beds stood side by side.
Every night, when they were in them, the King locked the door, and bolted it. But in the morning, when he unlocked the door, he saw that their shoes were worn out with dancing, and no one could find out how that had happened.
Then the King caused it to be proclaimed that whosoever could discover where they danced at night, should choose one of them for his wife and be King after his death. But that whosoever came forward and had not discovered it within three days and nights, should forfeit his life.
It was not long before a King’s Son presented himself, and offered to undertake the enterprise. He was well received, and in the evening was led into a room adjoining the Princesses’ sleeping-chamber. His bed was placed there, and he was to watch where they went and danced. And in order that they might do nothing secretly or go away to some other place, the door of their room was left open.
339 But the eyelids of the Prince grew heavy as lead, and he fell asleep.
When he awoke in the morning, all twelve had been to the dance, for their shoes were standing there with holes in the soles.
On the second and third nights it fell out just the same, and then his head was struck off without mercy. Many others came after this and undertook the enterprise, but all forfeited their lives.
Now, it came to pass that a poor soldier, who had a wound, and could serve no longer, found himself on the road to the town where the King lived. There he met an Old Woman, who asked him where he was going.
“I hardly know myself,” answered he, and added in jest, “I had half a mind to discover where the Princesses danced their shoes into holes, and thus become King.”
“That is not so difficult,” said the Old Woman, “you must not drink the wine which will be brought to you at night.”
With that she gave him a little cloak, and said, “If you put on that, you will be invisible, and then you can steal after the twelve.”
When the soldier had received this good advice, he took heart, went to the King, and announced himself as a suitor. He was as well received as the others, and royal garments were put upon him.
He was conducted that evening, at bedtime, into the outer-chamber, and as he was about to go to bed, the eldest came and brought him a cup of wine.
He lay down, but did not drink the wine.
340 The Twelve Princesses, in their chamber, laughed, and the eldest said, “He, too, might as well have saved his life.”
With that they got up, opened wardrobes, presses, cupboards, and brought out pretty dresses; dressed themselves before the mirrors, sprang about, and rejoiced at the prospect of the dance.
Only the youngest said, “I know not how it is. You are very happy, but I feel strange. Some misfortune is certainly about to befall us.”
“You are a goose, who are always frightened,” said the eldest. “Have you forgotten how many King’s Sons have already come here in vain? I had hardly any need to give the soldier a sleeping-draught. In any case, the clown would not have awakened.”
When they were all ready, the eldest then went to her bed and tapped it.
It immediately sank into the earth; and one after the other they descended through the opening, the eldest going first.
The soldier, who had watched everything, tarried no longer, put on his little cloak, and went down last with the youngest. Half-way down the steps, he just trod a little on her dress.
She was terrified at that, and cried out, “What is that? who is pulling at my dress?”
“Don’t be so silly!” said the eldest, “you have caught it on a nail.”
Then they went all the way down, and when they were at the bottom, they were standing in a wonderfully pretty avenue of trees, all the leaves of which were of silver, and shone and glistened. The soldier thought, “I must carry a token away 341 with me,” and broke off a twig from one of them, on which the tree cracked with a loud report.
The youngest cried out again, “Something is wrong, did you hear the crack?”
But the eldest said, “It is a gun fired for joy, because we have got rid of our Prince so quickly.”
After that they came into an avenue where all the leaves were of gold, and lastly into a third where they were of bright diamonds. He broke off a twig from each, which made such a crack each time that the youngest started back in terror, but the eldest still declared that they were salutes.
They went on and came to a great lake whereon stood twelve little boats, and in every boat sat a handsome Prince, all of whom were waiting for the Twelve Princesses. Each took one of them with him, but the soldier seated himself by the youngest.
Then her Prince said, “I can’t tell why the boat is so much heavier to-day. I shall have to row with all my strength, if I am to get it across.”
“What should cause that,” said the youngest, “but the warm weather? I feel very warm too.”
On the opposite side of the lake stood a splendid, brightly-lit castle, from whence resounded the joyous music of trumpets and kettle-drums. They rowed thither, entered, and each Prince danced with the maiden he loved, but the soldier danced with them unseen. And when one of them had a cup of wine in her hand he drank it up, so that the cup was empty when she carried it to her mouth. The youngest was alarmed at this, but the eldest always made her be silent.
342 They danced there till three o’clock in the morning, when all the shoes were danced into holes, and they were forced to leave off. The Princes rowed them back again over the lake, and this time the soldier seated himself by the eldest. On the shore they took leave of their Princes, and promised to return the following night.
When they reached the stairs, the soldier ran on in front and lay down in his bed, and when the Twelve Princesses had come up slowly and wearily, he was already snoring so loudly that they could all hear him, and they said, “So far as he is concerned, we are safe.”
They took off their beautiful dresses, laid them away, put the worn-out shoes under the bed, and lay down. Next morning, the soldier was resolved not to speak, but to watch the wonderful goings on, and that night again went with them. Then everything was done just as it had been done the first time, and they danced until their shoes were worn to pieces. But the third time, he took a cup away with him as a token.
When the hour had arrived for him to give his answer, he took the three twigs and the cup, and went to the King, but the Twelve Princesses stood behind the door, and listened for what he was going to say.
When the King put the question, “Where have my Twelve Daughters danced their shoes to pieces in the night?” he answered, “In an underground castle with Twelve Princes,” and related how it had come to pass, and brought out the tokens.
The King then summoned his daughters, and asked them if the soldier had told the truth, and when they saw that they 343 were betrayed, and that falsehood would be of no avail, they were obliged to confess all.
Thereupon the King asked which of them he would have for his wife?
He answered, “I am no longer young, so give me the eldest.”
Then the wedding was celebrated on the self-same day, and the kingdom was promised him after the King’s death. But the Princes were bewitched for as many days more as they had danced nights with the Twelve.


Story DNA
Moral
Truth will always come to light, and honesty is rewarded while deception is punished.
Plot Summary
A King's twelve daughters mysteriously wear out their shoes dancing every night. The King offers his kingdom and a princess's hand to anyone who can uncover their secret, but failure means death. Many princes fail, but a clever soldier, aided by a magic cloak, secretly follows the princesses through a hidden passage to an underground world where they dance with twelve bewitched princes. The soldier collects tokens as proof, reveals the truth to the King, and marries the eldest princess, while the bewitched princes are punished.
Themes
Emotional Arc
mystery to revelation, struggle to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Reflects common European folklore motifs of hidden magical realms, tests of courage, and the triumph of the common man over royalty through wit or magic.
Plot Beats (15)
- The King's twelve daughters mysteriously wear out their shoes every night, despite being locked in their chamber.
- The King offers a princess's hand and the throne to anyone who can discover the secret, with death as the penalty for failure.
- Many princes attempt the task, but all fall asleep and are executed.
- A poor, wounded soldier, advised by an old woman, decides to try, receiving a magic cloak and instructions not to drink the wine.
- On the first night, the soldier pretends to drink the wine and fall asleep, then uses his invisible cloak to follow the princesses.
- The princesses descend through a secret passage in their bed to an underground world with silver, gold, and diamond trees.
- The soldier breaks off a twig from each type of tree as a token, startling the youngest princess.
- They cross a lake in boats with twelve princes and dance in a splendid castle until their shoes are worn out.
- The soldier drinks from a princess's cup, alarming the youngest, and returns to his bed before the princesses.
- The second night repeats the events, with the soldier again collecting tokens and observing.
- On the third night, the soldier takes a cup as a final token.
- The soldier presents his evidence (three twigs and a cup) to the King and reveals the princesses' secret.
- The princesses confess, and the King asks the soldier to choose his bride.
- The soldier chooses the eldest princess, marries her, and is promised the kingdom.
- The twelve bewitched princes are punished for the same number of days they danced with the princesses.
Characters
King
Not described, but assumed to be regal
Attire: Royal robes, crown, scepter
Anxious, protective, decisive
Eldest Princess
Beautiful, confident
Attire: Rich gowns for dancing, fine jewelry
Deceptive, dominant, adventurous
Youngest Princess
Beautiful, but more delicate
Attire: Rich gowns for dancing, fine jewelry
Intuitive, anxious, observant
Soldier
Wounded, poor, but clever
Attire: Initially ragged clothes, then royal garments
Resourceful, brave, observant
Old Woman
Wise and helpful
Attire: Simple, rustic clothing
Helpful, knowledgeable, mysterious
Princes
Handsome
Attire: Princely attire
Charming, unsuspecting
Locations
Princesses' Bedchamber
A large room with twelve beds standing side by side, wardrobes, presses, and cupboards filled with pretty dresses, mirrors
Mood: secretive, opulent, mischievous
The princesses prepare for their nightly dance, revealing their secret.
Underground Avenue of Trees
A series of three avenues: one with silver leaves, one with gold leaves, and one with bright diamond leaves.
Mood: magical, glittering, wondrous
The soldier gathers tokens of the princesses' secret world.
Lake with Twelve Boats
A great lake with twelve little boats, each containing a handsome prince.
Mood: romantic, mysterious
The princesses are transported to the underground castle.
Underground Castle Ballroom
A splendid, brightly-lit castle with joyous music of trumpets and kettle-drums.
Mood: festive, lively, enchanted
The princesses dance with the princes until their shoes are danced to pieces.