Doctor Know-all
by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales
Original Story
Doctor Know-all
A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm
There was once on a time a poor peasant called Crabb, who drove with two oxen a load of wood to the town, and sold it to a doctor for two thalers. When the money was being counted out to him, it so happened that the doctor was sitting at table, and when the peasant saw how daintily he ate and drank, his heart desired what he saw, and he would willingly have been a doctor too. So he remained standing a while, and at length inquired if he too could not be a doctor. "Oh, yes," said the doctor, "that is soon managed." - "What must I do?" asked the peasant. "In the first place buy thyself an A B C book of the kind which has a cock on the frontispiece: in the second, turn thy cart and thy two oxen into money, and get thyself some clothes, and whatsoever else pertains to medicine; thirdly, have a sign painted for thyself with the words, "I am Doctor Knowall," and have that nailed up above thy house-door." The peasant did everything that he had been told to do. When he had doctored people awhile, but not long, a rich and great lord had some money stolen. Then he was told about Doctor Knowall who lived in such and such a village, and must know what had become of the money. So the lord had the horses put in his carriage, drove out to the village, and asked Crabb if he were Doctor Knowall? Yes, he was, he said. Then he was to go with him and bring back the stolen money. "Oh, yes, but Grethe, my wife, must go too." The lord was willing and let both of them have a seat in the carriage, and they all drove away together. When they came to the nobleman's castle, the table was spread, and Crabb was told to sit down and eat. "Yes, but my wife, Grethe, too," said he, and he seated himself with her at the table. And when the first servant came with a dish of delicate fare, the peasant nudged his wife, and said, "Grethe, that was the first," meaning that was the servant who brought the first dish. The servant, however, thought he intended by that to say, "That is the first thief," and as he actually was so, he was terrified, and said to his comrade outside, "The doctor knows all: we shall fare ill, he said I was the first." The second did not want to go in at all, but was forced. So when he went in with his dish, the peasant nudged his wife, and said, "Grethe, that is the second." This servant was just as much alarmed, and he got out. The third did not fare better, for the peasant again said, "Grethe, that is the third." The fourth had to carry in a dish that was covered, and the lord told the doctor that he was to show his skill, and guess what was beneath the cover. The doctor looked at the dish, had no idea what to say, and cried, "Ah, poor Crabb." When the lord heard that, he cried, "There! he knows it, he knows who has the money!"
On this the servants looked terribly uneasy, and made a sign to the doctor that they wished him to step outside for a moment. When therefore he went out, all four of them confessed to him that they had stolen the money, and said that they would willingly restore it and give him a heavy sum into the bargain, if he would not denounce them, for if he did they would be hanged. They led him to the spot where the money was concealed. With this the doctor was satisfied, and returned to the hall, sat down to the table, and said, "My lord, now will I search in my book where the gold is hidden." The fifth servant, however, crept into the stove to hear if the doctor knew still more. The Doctor, however, sat still and opened his A B C book, turned the pages backwards and forwards, and looked for the cock. As he could not find it immediately he said, "I know you are there, so you had better show yourself." Then the fellow in the stove thought that the doctor meant him, and full of terror, sprang out, crying, "That man knows everything!" Then Dr. Knowall showed the count where the money was, but did not say who had stolen it, and received from both sides much money in reward, and became a renowned man.
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Story DNA
Moral
Sometimes, ignorance and a bit of luck can be mistaken for wisdom and skill, leading to unexpected success.
Plot Summary
A poor peasant named Crabb, inspired by a doctor's comfortable life, is jokingly told how to become a 'Doctor Knowall'. He follows the instructions, and when a rich lord's money is stolen, Crabb is called upon. Through a series of accidental comments and exclamations, which the guilty servants and the lord misinterpret as signs of his omniscience, Crabb inadvertently exposes the thieves. The terrified servants confess to Crabb and bribe him, leading him to the hidden money. Crabb returns the money to the lord without revealing the culprits, becoming a renowned and wealthy man through sheer luck and misunderstanding.
Themes
Emotional Arc
poverty to prosperity
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Fairy tales often reflect social hierarchies and the aspirations of common people in pre-industrial European societies, where social mobility was rare but sometimes achieved through extraordinary means.
Plot Beats (13)
- Poor peasant Crabb sells wood to a doctor and, seeing the doctor's lifestyle, expresses a desire to become a doctor himself.
- The doctor jokingly tells Crabb to buy an ABC book with a cock, sell his oxen for clothes and medicine, and put up a sign saying 'I am Doctor Knowall'.
- Crabb follows these instructions and begins practicing as 'Doctor Knowall'.
- A rich lord, whose money has been stolen, hears of Doctor Knowall and sends for him.
- Crabb insists his wife Grethe accompany him to the lord's castle.
- At dinner, Crabb comments 'Grethe, that was the first' as the first servant brings a dish, which the servant misinterprets as Crabb identifying him as the first thief.
- The second and third servants are similarly alarmed by Crabb's innocent comments, 'Grethe, that is the second' and 'Grethe, that is the third'.
- When asked to guess what's under a covered dish, Crabb, having no idea, exclaims 'Ah, poor Crabb!', which the lord and servants misinterpret as him knowing the contents and the thieves.
- The four terrified servants, believing Crabb knows all, pull him aside and confess to the theft, offering him a bribe and showing him where the money is hidden.
- Crabb returns to the hall, pretends to consult his ABC book, and declares he will find the money.
- A fifth servant hides in the stove to listen, and when Crabb says 'I know you are there, so you had better show yourself' (referring to the cock in his book), the servant springs out, believing Crabb means him.
- Doctor Knowall reveals the location of the money to the lord but does not expose the thieves.
- Crabb receives a large reward from both the lord and the servants, becoming a famous and wealthy man.
Characters
Crabb
Poor peasant, initially unrefined
Attire: Simple peasant clothing, patched tunic, sturdy boots
Opportunistic, quick-witted, observant
Grethe
Peasant woman
Attire: Traditional peasant dress, apron
Quiet, observant, follows her husband's lead
The Doctor
Well-fed, prosperous
Attire: Fine clothing, indicative of wealth and status
Condescending, initially dismissive
The Lord
Rich and great
Attire: Noble attire, fine fabrics, jewelry
Desperate, trusting (initially)
First Servant
Anxious
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Second Servant
Anxious
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Third Servant
Anxious
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Fifth Servant
Anxious
Attire: Servant's livery
Guilty, fearful
Locations
Crabb's Cottage
A humble peasant dwelling with a door above which Crabb nails a sign reading 'I am Doctor Knowall'
Mood: meager, hopeful
Crabb transforms himself into Doctor Knowall and begins his practice.
Doctor's Dining Room
A room with a table set with dainty food and drink, where the doctor eats lavishly.
Mood: desirable, opulent
Crabb witnesses the doctor's lifestyle and decides to become a doctor himself.
Nobleman's Castle Dining Hall
A grand hall with a long table set for a feast. Servants bring in covered dishes.
Mood: tense, expectant
Doctor Knowall cleverly identifies the thieves and locates the stolen money.
Hidden Money Spot
A secret location where the servants hid the stolen money.
Mood: secretive, anxious
The thieves lead Doctor Knowall to the hidden money.