Master Pfriem (Master Cobbler's Awl)

by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales

fairy tale moral tale satirical Ages 8-14 1461 words 7 min read
Original Story 1461 words · 7 min read

Master Pfriem (Master Cobbler's Awl)

A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm

Master Pfriem was a short, thin, but lively man, who never rested a moment. His face, of which his turned-up nose was the only prominent feature, was marked with small-pox and pale as death, his hair was gray and shaggy, his eyes small, but they glanced perpetually about on all sides. He saw everything, criticised everything, knew everything best, and was always in the right. When he went into the streets, he moved his arms about as if he were rowing; and once he struck the pail of a girl, who was carrying water, so high in the air that he himself was wetted all over by it. "Stupid thing," cried he to her, while he was shaking himself, "couldst thou not see that I was coming behind thee?" By trade he was a shoemaker, and when he worked he pulled his thread out with such force that he drove his fist into every one who did not keep far enough off. No apprentice stayed more than a month with him, for he had always some fault to find with the very best work. At one time it was that the stitches were not even, at another that one shoe was too long, or one heel higher than the other, or the leather not cut large enough. "Wait," said he to his apprentice, "I will soon show thee how we make skins soft," and he brought a strap and gave him a couple of strokes across the back. He called them all sluggards. He himself did not turn much work out of his hands, for he never sat still for a quarter of an hour. If his wife got up very early in the morning and lighted the fire, he jumped out of bed, and ran bare-footed into the kitchen, crying, "Wilt thou burn my house down for me? That is a fire one could roast an ox by! Does wood cost nothing?" If the servants were standing by their wash-tubs and laughing, and telling each other all they knew, he scolded them, and said, "There stand the geese cackling, and forgetting their work, to gossip! And why fresh soap? Disgraceful extravagance and shameful idleness into the bargain! They want to save their hands, and not rub the things properly!" And out he would run and knock a pail full of soap and water over, so that the whole kitchen was flooded. Someone was building a new house, so he hurried to the window to look on. "There, they are using that red sand-stone again that never dries!" cried he. "No one will ever be healthy in that house! and just look how badly the fellows are laying the stones! Besides, the mortar is good for nothing! It ought to have gravel in it, not sand. I shall live to see that house tumble down on the people who are in it." He sat down, put a couple of stitches in, and then jumped up again, unfastened his leather-apron, and cried, "I will just go out, and appeal to those men's consciences." He stumbled on the carpenters. "What's this?" cried he, "you are not working by the line! Do you expect the beams to be straight?--one wrong will put all wrong." He snatched an axe out of a carpenter's hand and wanted to show him how he ought to cut; but as a cart loaded with clay came by, he threw the axe away, and hastened to the peasant who was walking by the side of it: "You are not in your right mind," said he, "who yokes young horses to a heavily-laden cart? The poor beasts will die on the spot." The peasant did not give him an answer, and Pfriem in a rage ran back into his workshop. When he was setting himself to work again, the apprentice reached him a shoe. "Well, what's that again?" screamed he, "Haven't I told you you ought not to cut shoes so broad? Who would buy a shoe like this, which is hardly anything else but a sole? I insist on my orders being followed exactly." Master," answered the apprentice, "you may easily be quite right about the shoe being a bad one, but it is the one which you yourself cut out, and yourself set to work at. When you jumped up a while since, you knocked it off the table, and I have only just picked it up. An angel from heaven, however, would never make you believe that."

One night Master Pfriem dreamed he was dead, and on his way to heaven. When he got there, he knocked loudly at the door. "I wonder," said he to himself, "that they have no knocker on the door, -- one knocks one's knuckles sore." The apostle Peter opened the door, and wanted to see who demanded admission so noisily. "Ah, it's you, Master Pfriem;" said he, "well, I'll let you in, but I warn you that you must give up that habit of yours, and find fault with nothing you see in heaven, or you may fare ill." - "You might have spared your warning," answered Pfriem. "I know already what is seemly, and here, God be thanked, everything is perfect, and there is nothing to blame as there is on earth." So he went in, and walked up and down the wide expanses of heaven. He looked around him, to the left and to the right, but sometimes shook his head, or muttered something to himself. Then he saw two angels who were carrying away a beam. It was the beam which some one had had in his own eye whilst he was looking for the splinter in the eye of another. They did not, however, carry the beam lengthways, but obliquely. "Did any one ever see such a piece of stupidity?" thought Master Pfriem; but he said nothing, and seemed satisfied with it. "It comes to the same thing after all, whichever way they carry the beam, straight or crooked, if they only get along with it, and truly I do not see them knock against anything." Soon after this he saw two angels who were drawing water out of a well into a bucket, but at the same time he observed that the bucket was full of holes, and that the water was running out of it on every side. They were watering the earth with rain. "Hang it," he exclaimed; but happily recollected himself, and thought, "Perhaps it is only a pastime. If it is an amusement, then it seems they can do useless things of this kind even here in heaven, where people, as I have already noticed, do nothing but idle about." He went farther and saw a cart which had stuck fast in a deep hole. "It's no wonder," said he to the man who stood by it; "who would load so unreasonably? what have you there?" - "Good wishes," replied the man, "I could not go along the right way with it, but still I have pushed it safely up here, and they won't leave me sticking here." In fact an angel did come and harnessed two horses to it. "That's quite right," thought Pfriem, "but two horses won't get that cart out, it must at least have four to it." Another angel came and brought two more horses; she did not, however, harness them in front of it, but behind. That was too much for Master Pfriem, "Clumsy creature," he burst out with, "what are you doing there? Has any one ever since the world began seen a cart drawn in that way? But you, in your conceited arrogance, think that you know everything best." He was going to say more, but one of the inhabitants of heaven seized him by the throat and pushed him forth with irresistible strength. Beneath the gateway Master Pfriem turned his head round to take one more look at the cart, and saw that it was being raised into the air by four winged horses.

At this moment Master Pfriem awoke. "Things are certainly arranged in heaven otherwise than they are on earth," said he to himself, "and that excuses much; but who can see horses harnessed both behind and before with patience; to be sure they had wings, but who could know that? It is, besides, great folly to fix a pair of wings to a horse that has four legs to run with already! But I must get up, or else they will make nothing but mistakes for me in my house. It is a lucky thing for me though, that I am not really dead."

  •     *     *     *     *

Story DNA

Moral

Constant, unwarranted criticism and an inability to see beyond one's own limited perspective can lead to isolation and prevent one from understanding the true nature of things.

Plot Summary

Master Pfriem is a perpetually critical shoemaker who finds fault with everything and everyone, from his apprentices to strangers. He dreams he dies and enters heaven, where St. Peter warns him against his fault-finding nature. Despite the warning, Pfriem silently judges angels performing tasks he deems inefficient, until he openly scolds an angel for an unconventional method of harnessing horses to a cart of 'good wishes'. This outburst leads to his forceful expulsion from heaven. Pfriem awakens, still critical of heaven's ways, but relieved to be alive and continue his earthly meddling.

Themes

criticismself-righteousnesshumilityperspective

Emotional Arc

arrogance to a moment of self-reflection (though not complete transformation)

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: brisk
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: direct character description, repetition of character flaws

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs self
Ending: moral justice
Magic: dream sequence of heaven, St. Peter as gatekeeper of heaven, angels, winged horses
the leaky bucket (inefficiency from a limited perspective)the cart of good wishes (heavenly purpose misunderstood)winged horses (divine power beyond earthly logic)

Cultural Context

Origin: German
Era: timeless fairy tale

The story reflects a common human archetype of the perpetually dissatisfied and critical individual, a character type that would have been recognizable in any pre-industrial European village.

Plot Beats (12)

  1. Master Pfriem, a short, thin, lively shoemaker, is described as perpetually critical, meddling, and convinced of his own rightness.
  2. He constantly finds fault with his apprentices, his wife, servants, builders, and even strangers on the street, often causing disruptions.
  3. One night, Pfriem dreams he dies and arrives at the gates of heaven, where he loudly knocks, criticizing the lack of a knocker.
  4. Saint Peter admits him, warning him to find no fault in heaven, which Pfriem confidently dismisses.
  5. Inside heaven, Pfriem observes angels carrying a beam obliquely, silently judging their method as stupid.
  6. He then sees angels watering the earth with a leaky bucket, again silently criticizing their apparent inefficiency and idleness.
  7. Pfriem encounters a cart laden with 'good wishes' stuck in a hole and openly criticizes its loading and the insufficient number of horses.
  8. An angel adds two more horses to the cart, but harnesses them from behind, which Pfriem finds utterly absurd.
  9. Unable to contain himself, Pfriem loudly scolds the angel for her 'clumsy' and 'conceited' method.
  10. An inhabitant of heaven seizes Pfriem by the throat and forcefully expels him.
  11. As he is pushed out, Pfriem sees the cart being lifted into the air by four winged horses.
  12. Pfriem wakes up, still critical of heaven's ways (especially the winged horses), but relieved to be alive and able to continue his meddling on Earth.

Characters

👤

Master Pfriem

human adult male

Short, thin, marked with small-pox, pale

Attire: Shoemaker's leather apron, simple work clothes

Turned-up nose

Critical, restless, opinionated

👤

Apostle Peter

human ageless male

Implied to be older and wise

Attire: Simple, flowing robes of white or light color

Keys to Heaven

Stern, fair, warning

👤

Apprentice

human young adult male

Not described

Attire: Simple work clothes

Badly made shoe

Meek, long-suffering

Locations

Master Pfriem's Workshop

indoor

A cluttered shoemaking space with tools, leather scraps, and half-finished shoes scattered about. A table sits center, often knocked about by the energetic Master Pfriem.

Mood: Frantic, tense, and critical, filled with the sounds of hammering and Master Pfriem's constant complaints.

Master Pfriem constantly finds fault with his apprentice's work and knocks over the shoe he himself was working on.

shoemaking tools leather scraps half-finished shoes work table leather apron

Heaven's Gate

transitional Eternal

A grand entrance to heaven, featuring a door without a knocker. Apostle Peter stands guard.

Mood: Solemn, imposing, and slightly unwelcoming due to the warning given to Master Pfriem.

Master Pfriem arrives in heaven and is warned by Apostle Peter to not find fault.

large door missing knocker Apostle Peter gateway

Heavenly Expanse

outdoor Eternal

A wide, open space within heaven where angels perform various tasks, some of which seem illogical to Master Pfriem.

Mood: Surreal, illogical, and frustrating for Master Pfriem, who cannot understand the heavenly ways.

Master Pfriem observes the angels performing tasks in a way that defies earthly logic, leading to his outburst.

angels carrying a beam angels drawing water with a leaky bucket cart stuck in a hole winged horses