The Donkey
by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales
Original Story
The donkey
A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm
Once on a time there lived a King and a Queen, who were rich, and had everything they wanted, but no children. The Queen lamented over this day and night, and said, "I am like a field on which nothing grows." At last God gave her her wish, but when the child came into the world, it did not look like a human child, but was a little donkey. When the mother saw that, her lamentations and outcries began in real earnest; she said she would far rather have had no child at all than have a donkey, and that they were to throw it into the water that the fishes might devour it. But the King said, "No, since God has sent him he shall be my son and heir, and after my death sit on the royal throne, and wear the kingly crown." The donkey, therefore, was brought up and grew bigger, and his ears grew up beautifully high and straight. He was, however, of a merry disposition, jumped about, played and had especial pleasure in music, so that he went to a celebrated musician and said, "Teach me thine art, that I may play the lute as well as thou dost." - "Ah, dear little master," answered the musician, "that would come very hard to you, your fingers are certainly not suited to it, and are far too big. I am afraid the strings would not last." No excuses were of any use. The donkey was determined to play the lute; he was persevering and industrious, and at last learnt to do it as well as the master himself. The young lordling once went out walking full of thought and came to a well, he looked into it and in the mirror-clear water saw his donkey's form. He was so distressed about it, that he went out into the wide world and only took with him one faithful companion. They travelled up and down, and at last they came into a kingdom where an old King reigned who had an only but wonderfully beautiful daughter. The donkey said, "Here we will stay," knocked at the gate, and cried, "A guest is without open, that he may enter." As, however, the gate was not opened, he sat down, took his lute and played it in the most delightful manner with his two fore-feet. Then the door-keeper opened his eyes most wonderfully wide, and ran to the King and said, "Outside by the gate sits a young donkey which plays the lute as well as an experienced master!" - "Then let the musician come to me," said the King. When, however, a donkey came in, every one began to laugh at the lute-player. And now the donkey was asked to sit down and eat with the servants. He, however, was unwilling, and said, "I am no common stable-ass, I am a noble one." Then they said, "If that is what thou art, seat thyself with the men of war." - "No," said he, "I will sit by the King." The King smiled, and said good-humouredly, "Yes, it shall be as thou wilt, little ass, come here to me." Then he asked, "Little ass, how does my daughter please thee?" The donkey turned his head towards her, looked at her, nodded and said, "I like her above measure, I have never yet seen anyone so beautiful as she is." - "Well, then, thou shalt sit next her too," said the King. "That is exactly what I wish," said the donkey, and he placed himself by her side, ate and drank, and knew how to behave himself daintily and cleanly. When the noble beast had stayed a long time at the King's court, he thought, "What good does all this do me, I shall still have to go home again?" let his head hang sadly, and went to the King and asked for his dismissal. But the King had grown fond of him, and said, "Little ass, what ails thee? Thou lookest as sour as a jug of vinegar, I will give thee what thou wantest. Dost thou want gold?" - "No," said the donkey, and shook his head. "Dost thou want jewels and rich dress?" - "No." - "Dost thou wish for half my kingdom?" - "Indeed, no." Then said the King, if I did but know what would make thee content. Wilt thou have my pretty daughter to wife?" - "Ah, yes," said the ass, "I should indeed like her," and all at once he became quite merry and full of happiness, for that was exactly what he was wishing for. So a great and splendid wedding was held. In the evening, when the bride and bridegroom were led into their bed-room, the King wanted to know if the ass would behave well, and ordered a servant to hide himself there. When they were both within, the bridegroom bolted the door, looked around, and as he believed that they were quite alone, he suddenly threw off his ass's skin, and stood there in the form of a handsome royal youth. "Now," said he, "thou seest who I am, and seest also that I am not unworthy of thee." Then the bride was glad, and kissed him, and loved him dearly. When morning came, he jumped up, put his animal's skin on again, and no one could have guessed what kind of a form was hidden beneath it. Soon came the old King, "Ah," cried he, "is the little ass merry? But surely thou art sad?" said he to his daughter, "that thou hast not got a proper man for thy husband?" - "Oh, no, dear father, I love him as well as if he were the handsomest in the world, and I will keep him as long as I live." The King was surprised, but the servant who had concealed himself came and revealed everything to him. The King said, "That cannot be true." - "Then watch yourself the next night, and you will see it with your own eyes; and hark you, lord King, if you were to take his skin away and throw it in the fire, he would be forced to show himself in his true shape." - "Thy advice is good," said the King, and at night when they were asleep, he stole in, and when he got to the bed he saw by the light of the moon a noble-looking youth lying there, and the skin lay stretched on the ground. So he took it away, and had a great fire lighted outside, and threw the skin into it, and remained by it himself until it was all burnt to ashes. As, however, he was anxious to know how the robbed man would behave himself, he stayed awake the whole night and watched. When the youth had slept his sleep out, he got up by the first light of morning, and wanted to put on the ass's skin, but it was not to be found. On this he was alarmed, and, full of grief and anxiety, said, "Now I shall have to contrive to escape." But when he went out, there stood the King, who said, "My son, whither away in such haste? what hast thou in mind? Stay here, thou art such a handsome man, thou shalt not go away from me. I will now give thee half my kingdom, and after my death thou shalt have the whole of it." - "Then I hope that what begins so well may end well, and I will stay with you," said the youth. And the old man gave him half the kingdom, and in a year's time, when he died, the youth had the whole, and after the death of his father he had another kingdom as well, and lived in all magnificence.
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Story DNA
Moral
True worth and nobility are not determined by outward appearance, and perseverance can lead to overcoming perceived limitations.
Plot Summary
A childless King and Queen are granted a son, but he is born a donkey. Though initially rejected by his mother, the King accepts him. The donkey prince, skilled in lute playing but distressed by his appearance, leaves home. He arrives at a new kingdom, charms the King and his daughter, and marries her. On their wedding night, he reveals his true form as a handsome youth by shedding his donkey skin. The King, learning of this, burns the skin, permanently transforming the prince, who then inherits both kingdoms and lives happily ever after.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Grimm's fairy tales often reflect societal norms and anxieties of 19th-century Germany, including the importance of lineage and the concept of 'otherness'.
Plot Beats (13)
- A King and Queen, childless, have a donkey for a son, which the Queen rejects but the King accepts as his heir.
- The donkey prince grows up merry and develops a passion for music, learning to play the lute expertly.
- Distressed by his donkey form, he leaves his home with a faithful companion.
- He arrives at a new kingdom, plays his lute at the gate, and is invited to the King's court.
- He insists on sitting with the King and expresses his admiration for the King's beautiful daughter.
- The King, amused, allows him to sit by his daughter, and the donkey behaves daintily.
- Feeling his situation is temporary, the donkey prince asks for dismissal, but the King offers him various riches.
- The King finally offers his daughter's hand in marriage, which the donkey eagerly accepts.
- On their wedding night, the King's servant observes the donkey prince shed his skin to reveal a handsome youth.
- The King, informed by the servant, secretly burns the donkey skin while the prince sleeps.
- The prince awakens, discovers his skin is gone, and is initially alarmed, believing he must flee.
- The King confronts him, accepts him as his human son-in-law, and offers him half the kingdom.
- The prince stays, eventually inherits the entire kingdom, and later his original kingdom, living a magnificent life.
Characters
The Donkey
Initially a small donkey, later described as having beautifully high and straight ears. Can play the lute.
Attire: None initially, later wears fine clothing at court
Persevering, musically inclined, noble, initially distressed by his appearance but ultimately confident
The King
Old, but fond of the donkey
Attire: Royal robes, crown
Good-humored, generous, curious, ultimately accepting
The Princess
Wonderfully beautiful
Attire: Elegant gown, jewelry
Kind, loving, accepting, loyal
The Queen
None given
Attire: Queenly attire
Initially lamenting and judgmental, but her ultimate fate is unmentioned
Locations
Queen's Bedchamber
A room in the castle where the Queen laments her childlessness day and night. Later, the donkey-prince sleeps here with his bride.
Mood: initially sorrowful, later intimate and secretive
The donkey-prince reveals his human form to his bride; the King steals and burns the donkey skin.
Castle Gate
The entrance to the kingdom, where the donkey first arrives and is denied entry.
Mood: initially unwelcoming, later curious and intrigued
The donkey plays the lute to gain entry to the kingdom.
Royal Dining Hall
A grand hall where the King, his daughter, and the donkey eat together.
Mood: formal, curious, increasingly accepting
The donkey displays noble manners and wins the King's favor.
Well
A well with mirror-clear water, reflecting the donkey's form.
Mood: melancholy, reflective
The donkey sees his reflection and becomes distressed, prompting him to leave home.