The Duration of Life
by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales
Original Story
The duration of life
A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm
When God had created the world and was about to fix the length of each creature's life, the ass came and asked, "Lord, how long shall I live?" - "Thirty years," replied God; "does that content thee?" - "Ah, Lord," answered the ass, "that is a long time. Think of my painful existence! To carry heavy burdens from morning to night, to drag sacks of corn to the mill, that others may eat bread, to be cheered and refreshed with nothing but blows and kicks. Relieve me of a portion of this long time." Then God had pity on him and relieved him of eighteen years. The ass went away comforted, and the dog appeared. "How long wouldst thou like to live?" said God to him. "Thirty years are too many for the ass, but thou wilt be satisfied with that." - "Lord," answered the dog, "is that thy will? Consider how I shall have to run, my feet will never hold out so long, and when I have once lost my voice for barking, and my teeth for biting, what will be left for me to do but run from one corner to another and growl?" God saw that he was right, and released him from twelve years of life. Then came the monkey. "Thou wilt certainly live thirty years willingly?" said the Lord to him. "Thou hast no need to work as the ass and the dog have to do, and wilt always enjoy thyself." - "Ah! Lord," he answered, "it may seem as if that were the case, but it is quite different. When it rains porridge I have no spoon. I am always to play merry pranks, and make faces which force people to laugh, and if they give me an apple, and I bite into it, why it is sour! How often sadness hides itself behind mirth! I shall never be able to hold out for thirty years." God was gracious and took off ten.
At last man appeared, joyous, healthy and vigorous, and begged God to appoint his time for him. "Thirty years shalt thou live," said the Lord. "Is that enough for thee?" - "What a short time," cried man, "when I have built my house and my fire burns on my own hearth; when I have planted trees which blossom and bear fruit, and am just intending to enjoy my life, I am to die! O Lord, lengthen my time." - "I will add to it the ass's eighteen years," said God. "That is not enough," replied the man. "Thou shalt also have the dog's twelve years." - "Still too little!" - "Well, then," said God, "I will give thee the monkey's ten years also, but more thou shalt not have." The man went away, but was not satisfied.
So man lives seventy years. The first thirty are his human years, which are soon gone; then is he healthy, merry, works with pleasure, and is glad of his life. Then follow the ass's eighteen years, when one burden after another is laid on him, he has to carry the corn which feeds others, and blows and kicks are the reward of his faithful services. Then come the dog's twelve years, when he lies in the corner, and growls and has no longer any teeth to bite with, and when this time is over the monkey's ten years form the end. Then man is weak- headed and foolish, does silly things, and becomes the jest of the children.
- * * * *
Story DNA
Moral
Human life, though seemingly long, is composed of distinct phases, each mirroring the burdens and characteristics of other creatures, leading to a final stage of decline.
Plot Summary
After creating the world, God assigns a 30-year lifespan to each creature. The ass, dog, and monkey all complain about their difficult or tiresome existences and successfully negotiate for shorter lives, relinquishing years back to God. Man, initially given 30 years, finds it too short for his ambitions and begs for more time. God grants him the years given up by the other animals, resulting in a 70-year human lifespan. The story concludes by explaining that man's life is divided into phases: his own joyful 30 years, followed by the burdensome years of the ass, the declining years of the dog, and finally the foolish, weak years of the monkey.
Themes
Emotional Arc
reflection to acceptance
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale reflects a common folk tradition of explaining human characteristics or conditions through allegorical stories involving animals and divine decree. It's a reflection on the stages of human life and the perceived hardships of aging.
Plot Beats (17)
- God creates the world and prepares to assign lifespans.
- The ass asks for its lifespan and complains about its hard, burdensome life.
- God reduces the ass's lifespan from 30 to 12 years.
- The dog asks for its lifespan and complains about its active, tiring life.
- God reduces the dog's lifespan from 30 to 18 years.
- The monkey asks for its lifespan and complains about its forced, often sad merriment.
- God reduces the monkey's lifespan from 30 to 20 years.
- Man, joyous and vigorous, asks for his lifespan.
- God initially grants man 30 years, but man finds it too short for his ambitions.
- Man begs for more time, wanting to enjoy his accomplishments.
- God adds the ass's 18 years to man's life.
- Man still finds it insufficient, so God adds the dog's 12 years.
- Man still wants more, so God adds the monkey's 10 years, refusing to give more.
- The story explains that man's first 30 years are his own, healthy and happy.
- The next 18 years are like the ass's, full of burdens and toil.
- The following 12 years are like the dog's, spent growling and losing vigor.
- The final 10 years are like the monkey's, weak-headed, foolish, and a jest to children.
Characters
God
Not described, implied to be an all-powerful, benevolent creator.
Attire: Not described
Benevolent, merciful, just, responsive to pleas.
The Ass
A beast of burden, strong enough to carry heavy loads.
Attire: None, perhaps a simple harness for carrying burdens.
Long-suffering, weary, burdened, seeks relief.
The Dog
A working dog, capable of running and barking.
Attire: None, perhaps a simple collar.
Loyal, active, concerned about physical decline.
The Monkey
Agile, capable of making faces and performing tricks.
Attire: None, perhaps a small, colorful vest if performing.
Mischievous, outwardly merry but inwardly sad, seeks enjoyment.
Man
Joyous, healthy, and vigorous in his prime.
Attire: Simple, functional clothing of a peasant or common man (e.g., tunic, trousers).
Ambitious, desirous of a long life, initially joyous, later discontent.
Locations
The place where God created the world
An unspecified, ethereal location where God is present and interacting with newly created creatures.
Mood: Divine, solemn, formative, a place of creation and decree.
God fixes the duration of each creature's life.
Man's home and hearth
A built house with a fire burning on its hearth, surrounded by planted, fruit-bearing trees.
Mood: Cozy, fulfilling, domestic, a place of comfort and enjoyment.
Man expresses his desire to enjoy his life after building his home and planting trees, just before his initial allotted time runs out.
The corner where the old man lies
A specific corner, likely within a home, where an old man (in his 'dog years') lies, growling and toothless.
Mood: Melancholy, isolated, infirm, a place of quiet decline.
Man experiences the 'dog's twelve years' of his life, characterized by physical decline and isolation.