The Elves

by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales

fairy tale moral tale whimsical Ages 5-10 1188 words 6 min read
Original Story 1188 words · 6 min read

The elves

A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm

FIRST STORY

A shoemaker, by no fault of his own, had become so poor that at last he had nothing left but leather for one pair of shoes. So in the evening, he cut out the shoes which he wished to begin to make the next morning, and as he had a good conscience, he lay down quietly in his bed, commended himself to God, and fell asleep. In the morning, after he had said his prayers, and was just going to sit down to work, the two shoes stood quite finished on his table. He was astounded, and knew not what to say to it. He took the shoes in his hands to observe them closer, and they were so neatly made that there was not one bad stitch in them, just as if they were intended as a masterpiece. Soon after, a buyer came in, and as the shoes pleased him so well, he paid more for them than was customary, and, with the money, the shoemaker was able to purchase leather for two pairs of shoes. He cut them out at night, and next morning was about to set to work with fresh courage; but he had no need to do so, for, when he got up, they were already made, and buyers also were not wanting, who gave him money enough to buy leather for four pairs of shoes. The following morning, too, he found the four pairs made; and so it went on constantly, what he cut out in the evening was finished by the morning, so that he soon had his honest independence again, and at last became a wealthy man. Now it befell that one evening not long before Christmas, when the man had been cutting out, he said to his wife, before going to bed, "What think you if we were to stay up to-night to see who it is that lends us this helping hand?" The woman liked the idea, and lighted a candle, and then they hid themselves in a corner of the room, behind some clothes which were hanging up there, and watched. When it was midnight, two pretty little naked men came, sat down by the shoemaker's table, took all the work which was cut out before them and began to stitch, and sew, and hammer so skilfully and so quickly with their little fingers that the shoemaker could not turn away his eyes for astonishment. They did not stop until all was done, and stood finished on the table, and they ran quickly away.

Next morning the woman said, "The little men have made us rich, and we really must show that we are grateful for it. They run about so, and have nothing on, and must be cold. I'll tell thee what I'll do: I will make them little shirts, and coats, and vests, and trousers, and knit both of them a pair of stockings, and do thou, too, make them two little pairs of shoes." The man said, "I shall be very glad to do it;" and one night, when everything was ready, they laid their presents all together on the table instead of the cut-out work, and then concealed themselves to see how the little men would behave. At midnight they came bounding in, and wanted to get to work at once, but as they did not find any leather cut out, but only the pretty little articles of clothing, they were at first astonished, and then they showed intense delight. They dressed themselves with the greatest rapidity, putting the pretty clothes on, and singing,

"Now we are boys so fine to see,

Why should we longer cobblers be?"

Then they danced and skipped and leapt over chairs and benches. At last they danced out of doors. From that time forth they came no more, but as long as the shoemaker lived all went well with him, and all his undertakings prospered.

SECOND STORY

There was once a poor servant-girl, who was industrious and cleanly, and swept the house every day, and emptied her sweepings on the great heap in front of the door. One morning when she was just going back to her work, she found a letter on this heap, and as she could not read, she put her broom in the corner, and took the letter to her master and mistress, and behold it was an invitation from the elves, who asked the girl to hold a child for them at its christening. The girl did not know what to do, but at length, after much persuasion, and as they told her that it was not right to refuse an invitation of this kind, she consented. Then three elves came and conducted her to a hollow mountain, where the little folks lived. Everything there was small, but more elegant and beautiful than can be described. The baby's mother lay in a bed of black ebony ornamented with pearls, the coverlids were embroidered with gold, the cradle was of ivory, the bath of gold. The girl stood as godmother, and then wanted to go home again, but the little elves urgently entreated her to stay three days with them. So she stayed, and passed the time in pleasure and gaiety, and the little folks did all they could to make her happy. At last she set out on her way home. Then first they filled her pockets quite full of money, and after that they led her out of the mountain again. When she got home, she wanted to begin her work, and took the broom, which was still standing in the corner, in her hand and began to sweep. Then some strangers came out of the house, who asked her who she was, and what business she had there? And she had not, as she thought, been three days with the little men in the mountains, but seven years, and in the meantime her former masters had died.

THIRD STORY

A certain mother's child had been taken away out of its cradle by the elves, and a changeling with a large head and staring eyes, which would do nothing but eat and drink, laid in its place. In her trouble she went to her neighbour, and asked her advice. The neighbour said that she was to carry the changeling into the kitchen, set it down on the hearth, light a fire, and boil some water in two egg-shells, which would make the changeling laugh, and if he laughed, all would be over with him. The woman did everything that her neighbour bade her. When she put the egg-shells with water on the fire, the imp said, "I am as old now as the Wester forest, but never yet have I seen any one boil anything in an egg-shell!" And he began to laugh at it. Whilst he was laughing, suddenly came a host of little elves, who brought the right child, set it down on the hearth, and took the changeling away with them.

  •     *     *     *     *

Story DNA

Moral

Good deeds and industriousness can be rewarded by unseen forces, but sometimes supernatural interactions come with unexpected consequences.

Plot Summary

This collection features three distinct tales. In the first, a poor shoemaker becomes wealthy when elves secretly finish his work each night; his gratitude leads him and his wife to make clothes for them, causing the elves to depart forever, though the shoemaker remains prosperous. The second story tells of a servant-girl invited by elves to a christening; after staying three days, she returns home to find seven years have passed. The third tale describes a mother whose child is replaced by a changeling; following a neighbor's advice, she tricks the changeling into laughing, prompting the elves to return her true child.

Themes

gratitudeindustrysupernatural aidtime distortion

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: brisk
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three, episodic structure (three distinct stories)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs supernatural
Ending: moral justice
Magic: elves (little men), supernatural speed and skill in work, time distortion (seven years passing in three days), changelings
shoes (representing livelihood and transformation)egg-shells (representing a trick to reveal the changeling)

Cultural Context

Origin: German
Era: timeless fairy tale

Grimm's fairy tales were collected from German oral traditions, reflecting common folk beliefs and social structures of the time, including the importance of industry and the fear of changelings.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. A poor shoemaker has only enough leather for one pair of shoes; he cuts them out and goes to bed.
  2. He wakes to find the shoes perfectly made; he sells them for a good price and buys more leather.
  3. This pattern repeats, with unseen helpers finishing his work nightly, making him wealthy.
  4. The shoemaker and his wife decide to stay up and discover their helpers are two naked little men (elves).
  5. The wife proposes making clothes for the elves out of gratitude, and the shoemaker agrees to make shoes.
  6. They leave the clothes on the table instead of cut leather; the elves find them, dress, sing, and dance away.
  7. The elves never return, but the shoemaker remains prosperous.
  8. A diligent servant-girl finds a letter from elves inviting her to be a godmother; she reluctantly agrees.
  9. She is led to a hollow mountain, attends the christening, and is persuaded to stay for three days.
  10. The elves fill her pockets with money and lead her out of the mountain.
  11. She returns home to find seven years have passed, her masters are dead, and she is a stranger.
  12. A mother's child is replaced by a changeling; she seeks advice from a neighbor.
  13. The neighbor tells her to boil water in eggshells on the hearth to make the changeling laugh.
  14. The changeling laughs at the absurdity, and a host of elves return the true child and take the changeling away.

Characters

👤

The Shoemaker

human adult male

None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be a hardworking man.

Attire: Period-appropriate simple clothing for a shoemaker, likely practical and worn.

Sitting at his workbench, looking astonished at finished shoes.

Honest, hardworking, grateful, observant.

👤

The Shoemaker's Wife

human adult female

None explicitly mentioned.

Attire: Period-appropriate simple clothing for a shoemaker's wife, likely practical.

Holding up tiny clothes she made for the elves.

Practical, grateful, kind, thoughtful.

✦

The Elves (First Story)

magical creature ageless non-human

Two pretty little naked men, with little fingers.

Attire: Initially naked; later, little shirts, coats, vests, trousers, stockings, and shoes made by the shoemaker and his wife.

Tiny figures rapidly stitching shoes on a workbench.

Industrious, skilled, joyful, playful.

👤

The Servant-Girl

human young adult female

None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be neat and diligent.

Attire: Simple, practical servant's attire of the period, likely a dress and apron.

Holding a broom, looking confused after returning from the elves' mountain.

Industrious, cleanly, initially hesitant, adaptable.

✦

The Changeling

magical creature child male

Large head and staring eyes.

Attire: Likely swaddling clothes or simple child's attire.

Sitting on a hearth, laughing at water boiling in eggshells.

Gluttonous, mischievous, easily amused.

👤

The Mother (Third Story)

human adult female

None explicitly mentioned.

Attire: Period-appropriate simple clothing for a mother.

Looking worriedly at the changeling in her home.

Distressed, seeking help, obedient.

👤

The Neighbour

human adult female

None explicitly mentioned.

Attire: Period-appropriate simple clothing.

Giving advice to the distressed mother.

Wise, helpful, knowledgeable about folklore.

Locations

Shoemaker's Workshop/Home

indoor night Not specified, but 'not long before Christmas' is mentioned for one event.

A humble room, initially poor, containing a shoemaker's table, clothes hanging in a corner, chairs, and benches. It becomes prosperous over time.

Mood: Initially humble and desperate, then mysterious and industrious, finally joyful and prosperous.

The elves secretly make shoes, the shoemaker and his wife observe them, and later leave clothes for them.

shoemaker's table leather pieces finished shoes hanging clothes candle chairs benches

Hollow Mountain (Elves' Dwelling)

indoor Not specified, but implies a constant, comfortable environment.

A hidden, elegant, and beautiful dwelling inside a mountain. Everything is small, with luxurious furnishings like a black ebony bed with pearls, gold-embroidered coverlids, an ivory cradle, and a gold bath.

Mood: Magical, opulent, enchanting, and joyful.

A servant-girl is invited to be a godmother for an elf child's christening and stays for three days (which turn out to be seven years).

black ebony bed pearl ornaments gold-embroidered coverlids ivory cradle gold bath small, elegant furnishings

Kitchen with Hearth

indoor Not specified Not specified

A domestic kitchen containing a hearth, where a fire can be lit, and a changeling is placed.

Mood: Initially tense and desperate due to the changeling, then magical and triumphant when the changeling is exposed.

A mother attempts to make a changeling laugh by boiling water in egg-shells, leading to its removal and the return of her true child.

hearth fire egg-shells with water