The Queen Bee
by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales
Original Story
The queen bee
A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm
Two king's sons once started to seek adventures, and fell into a wild, reckless way of living, and gave up all thoughts of going home again. Their third and youngest brother, who was called Witling, and had remained behind, started off to seek them; and when at last he found them, they jeered at his simplicity in thinking that he could make his way in the world, while they who were so much cleverer were unsuccessful.
But they all three went on together until they came to an ant-hill, which the two eldest brothers wished to stir up, that they might see the little ants hurry about in their fright and carrying off their eggs, but Witling said, "Leave the little creatures alone, I will not suffer them to be disturbed."
And they went on farther until they came to a lake, where a number of ducks were swimming about. The two eldest brothers wanted to catch a couple and cook them, but Witling would not allow it, and said, "Leave the creatures alone, I will not suffer them to be killed."
And then they came to a bee's-nest in a tree, and there was so much honey in it that it overflowed and ran down the trunk. The two eldest brothers then wanted to make a fire beneath the tree, that the bees might be stifled by the smoke, and then they could get at the honey. But Witling prevented them, saying, "Leave the little creatures alone, I will not suffer them to be stifled."
At last the three brothers came to a castle where there were in the stables many horses standing, all of stone, and the brothers went through all the rooms until they came to a door at the end secured with three locks, and in the middle of the door a small opening through which they could look into the room. And they saw a little grey-haired man sitting at a table. They called out to him once, twice, and he did not hear, but at the third time he got up, undid the locks, and came out. Without speaking a word he led them to a table loaded with all sorts of good things, and when they had eaten and drunk he showed to each his bed-chamber.
The next morning the little grey man came to the eldest brother, and beckoning him, brought him to a table of stone, on which were written three things directing by what means the castle could be delivered from its enchantment The first thing was, that in the wood under the moss lay the pearls belonging to the princess - a thousand in number - and they were to be sought for and collected, and if he who should undertake the task had not finished it by sunset, if but one pearl were missing, he must be turned to stone. So the eldest brother went out, and searched all day, but at the end of it he had only found one hundred; just as was said on the table of stone came to pass and he was turned into stone. The second brother undertook the adventure next day, but it fared with him no better than with the first; he found two hundred pearls, and was turned into stone. And so at last it was Witling's turn, and he began to search in the moss; but it was a very tedious business to find the pearls, and he grew so out of heart that he sat down on a stone and began to weep. As he was sitting thus, up came the ant-king with five thousand ants, whose lives had been saved through Witling's pity, and it was not very long before the little insects had collected all the pearls and put them in a heap.
Now the second thing ordered by the table of stone was to get the key of the princess's sleeping-chamber out of the lake. And when Witling came to the lake, the ducks whose lives he had saved came swimming, and dived below, and brought up the key from the bottom.
The third thing that had to be done was the most difficult, and that was to choose out the youngest and loveliest of the three princesses, as they lay sleeping. All bore a perfect resemblance each to the other, and only differed in this, that before they went to sleep each one had eaten a different sweetmeat, the eldest a piece of sugar, the second a little syrup, and the third a spoonful of honey. Now the Queen-bee of those bees that Witling had protected from the fire came at this moment, and trying the lips of all three, settled on those of the one that had eaten honey, and so it was that the king's son knew which to choose.
Then the spell was broken; every one awoke from stony sleep, and took their right form again. And Witling married the youngest and loveliest princess, and became king after her father's death. But his two brothers had to put up with the two other sisters.
- * * * *
Story DNA
Moral
Kindness and compassion towards all creatures, no matter how small, will be rewarded in unexpected ways.
Plot Summary
Two reckless princes leave home, prompting their younger, simpler brother, Witling, to find them. Along the way, Witling prevents his cruel brothers from harming ants, ducks, and bees. They arrive at an enchanted castle where a silent man presents three impossible tasks to break a spell. The elder brothers fail the first task and turn to stone. Witling, aided by the animals he saved, successfully completes all three tasks: collecting pearls, retrieving a key, and identifying the correct princess. The enchantment is broken, everyone is restored, and Witling marries the princess, becoming king.
Themes
Emotional Arc
struggle to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Grimm's fairy tales often reflect a pre-industrial, agrarian society where respect for nature and simple virtues were valued. The concept of 'Witling' (Dummkopf or simpleton) often being the true hero is a common trope, subverting expectations.
Plot Beats (14)
- Two elder princes leave home and live recklessly, abandoning thoughts of returning.
- Their younger brother, Witling, sets out to find them and is mocked for his simplicity.
- The brothers encounter an anthill; Witling prevents his brothers from disturbing the ants.
- They encounter ducks in a lake; Witling prevents his brothers from killing them.
- They find a bee's nest; Witling prevents his brothers from stifling the bees with smoke.
- The three brothers arrive at an enchanted castle with stone horses and meet a silent grey-haired man.
- The grey man presents a stone table with three tasks to break the enchantment.
- The first task is to collect 1000 pearls from under moss by sunset; the elder brothers fail and turn to stone.
- Witling attempts the first task, struggles, but the ants he saved appear and collect all the pearls for him.
- The second task is to retrieve the princess's sleeping-chamber key from a lake; the ducks Witling saved retrieve it for him.
- The third task is to identify the youngest and loveliest princess among three identical sleeping princesses, who only differ by the sweetmeat they ate.
- The queen bee Witling saved identifies the princess who ate honey by settling on her lips.
- The enchantment breaks, all stone figures (including the brothers) return to life.
- Witling marries the youngest princess and becomes king, while his brothers marry the other two princesses.
Characters
Witling
None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be less imposing than his brothers.
Attire: Simple, practical clothing suitable for travel, likely peasant or commoner attire of the era (e.g., tunic, breeches, simple boots).
Kind, compassionate, simple-hearted, observant.
Eldest Brother
None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be physically capable before being turned to stone.
Attire: Likely more elaborate or adventurous clothing than Witling, reflecting a 'reckless way of living' (e.g., fine but perhaps disheveled garments).
Reckless, cruel, arrogant, unsuccessful.
Second Brother
None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be physically capable before being turned to stone.
Attire: Likely more elaborate or adventurous clothing than Witling, reflecting a 'reckless way of living'.
Reckless, cruel, arrogant, unsuccessful.
Little Grey-Haired Man
Small stature, grey-haired.
Attire: Simple, unassuming clothing, perhaps a plain tunic or robe, suitable for a castle caretaker or enchanted being.
Mysterious, silent, dutiful (under enchantment).
Ant-King
An ant, leading a large colony.
Attire: None (natural insect exoskeleton).
Loyal, helpful, grateful.
Queen-bee
A bee, larger than worker bees.
Attire: None (natural insect exoskeleton).
Intelligent, discerning, grateful.
Youngest Princess
Lovely, perfectly resembling her sisters.
Attire: Fine sleeping garments (e.g., a delicate nightgown) while enchanted, later royal attire.
Gentle (implied by her choice of sweetmeat), beautiful.
Locations
Ant-hill
A mound of earth inhabited by ants, located in a natural setting.
Mood: vulnerable, bustling (for the ants)
Witling saves the ants from being disturbed by his brothers.
Lake with ducks
A body of water where ducks are swimming.
Mood: peaceful, natural
Witling saves the ducks from being killed by his brothers.
Tree with a bee's-nest
A tree containing a bee's-nest, with honey overflowing and running down the trunk.
Mood: natural, abundant, threatened
Witling saves the bees from being stifled by his brothers.
Enchanted Castle
A castle with stables containing many horses of stone, and numerous rooms leading to a door with three locks and a small opening.
Mood: mysterious, enchanted, foreboding, grand
The brothers arrive and begin the trials to break the enchantment.
Wood under the moss
A wooded area where pearls are hidden beneath moss.
Mood: challenging, natural, hidden
The first task of finding the princess's pearls takes place here.