The Three Apprentices

by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales

fairy tale moral tale solemn Ages 8-14 1197 words 6 min read
Original Story 1197 words · 6 min read

The three apprentices

A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm

There were once three apprentices, who had agreed to keep always together while travelling, and always to work in the same town. At one time, however, their masters had no more work to give them, so that at last they were in rags, and had nothing to live on. Then one of them said, "What shall we do? We cannot stay here any longer, we will travel once more, and if we do not find any work in the town we go to, we will arrange with the innkeeper there, that we are to write and tell him where we are staying, so that we can always have news of each other, and then we will separate." And that seemed best to the others also. They went forth, and met on the way a richly-dressed man who asked who they were. "We are apprentices looking for work; Up to this time we have kept together, but if we cannot find anything to do we are going to separate." - "There is no need for that," said the man, "if you will do what I tell you, you shall not want for gold or for work; nay, you shall become great lords, and drive in your carriages!" One of them said, "If our souls and salvation be not endangered, we will certainly do it." - "They will not," replied the man, "I have no claim on you." One of the others had, however, looked at his feet, and when he saw a horse's foot and a man's foot, he did not want to have anything to do with him. The Devil, however, said, "Be easy, I have no designs on you, but on another soul, which is half my own already, and whose measure shall but run full." As they were now secure, they consented, and the Devil told them what he wanted. The first was to answer, "All three of us," to every question; the second was to say, "For money," and the third, "And quite right too!" They were always to say this, one after the other, but they were not to say one word more, and if they disobeyed this order, all their money would disappear at once, but so long as they observed it, their pockets would always be full. As a beginning, he at once gave them as much as they could carry, and told them to go to such and such an inn when they got to the town. They went to it, and the innkeeper came to meet them, and asked if they wished for anything to eat? The first replied, "All three of us." - "Yes," said the host, "that is what I mean." The second said, "For money." - "Of course," said the host. The third said, "And quite right too!" - "Certainly it is right," said the host.

Good meat and drink were now brought to them, and they were well waited on. After the dinner came the payment, and the innkeeper gave the bill to the one who said, "All three of us," the second said, "For money," and the third, "and quite right too!" - "Indeed it is right," said the host, "all three pay, and without money I can give nothing." They, however, paid still more than he had asked. The lodgers, who were looking on, said, "These people must be mad." - "Yes, indeed they are," said the host, "they are not very wise." So they stayed some time in the inn, and said nothing else but, "All three of us," - "For money," and "And quite right too!" But they saw and knew all that was going on. It so happened that a great merchant came with a large sum of money, and said, "Sir host, take care of my money for me, here are three crazy apprentices who might steal it from me." The host did as he was asked. As he was carrying the trunk into his room, he felt that it was heavy with gold. Thereupon he gave the three apprentices a lodging below, but the merchant came up-stairs into a separate apartment. When it was midnight, and the host thought that all were asleep, he came with his wife, and they had an axe and struck the rich merchant dead; and after they had murdered him they went to bed again. When it was day there was a great outcry; the merchant lay dead in bed bathed in blood. All the guests ran at once but the host said, "The three crazy apprentices have done this;" the lodgers confirmed it, and said, "It can have been no one else." The innkeeper, however, had them called, and said to them, "Have you killed the merchant?" - "All three of us," said the first, "For money," said the second; and the third added, "And quite right too!" - "There now, you hear," said the host, "they confess it themselves." They were taken to prison, therefore, and were to be tried. When they saw that things were going so seriously, they were after all afraid, but at night the Devil came and said, "Bear it just one day longer, and do not play away your luck, not one hair of your head shall be hurt."

The next morning they were led to the bar, and the judge said, "Are you the murderers?" - "All three of us." - "Why did you kill the merchant?" - "For money." - "You wicked wretches, you have no horror of your sins?" - "And quite right too!" - "They have confessed, and are still stubborn," said the judge, "lead them to death instantly." So they were taken out, and the host had to go with them into the circle. When they were taken hold of by the executioner's men, and were just going to be led up to the scaffold where the headsman was standing with naked sword, a coach drawn by four blood-red chestnut horses came up suddenly, driving so fast that fire flashed from the stones, and someone made signs from the window with a white handkerchief. Then said the headsman, "It is a pardon coming," and "Pardon! pardon!" was called from the carriage also. Then the Devil stepped out as a very noble gentleman, beautifully dressed, and said, "You three are innocent; you may now speak, make known what you have seen and heard." Then said the eldest, "We did not kill the merchant, the murderer is standing there in the circle," and he pointed to the innkeeper. "In proof of this, go into his cellar, where many others whom he has killed are still hanging." Then the judge sent the executioner's men thither, and they found it was as the apprentices said, and when they had informed the judge of this, he caused the innkeeper to be led up, and his head was cut off. Then said the Devil to the three, "Now I have got the soul which I wanted to have, and you are free, and have money for the rest of your lives."

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Story DNA

Moral

Evil deeds will eventually be exposed and punished, often through unexpected means.

Plot Summary

Three impoverished apprentices make a pact with the Devil, agreeing to repeat specific phrases in exchange for endless wealth. They are mistaken for madmen at an inn, where the greedy innkeeper murders a rich merchant and frames them. Their repetitive answers are taken as confessions, leading to their condemnation. At the moment of their execution, the Devil intervenes, revealing the innkeeper's true crimes, leading to his execution and the apprentices' freedom and lasting prosperity.

Themes

justicedeceptiondivine interventionconsequences of greed

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: brisk
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three, direct speech

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs supernatural
Ending: moral justice
Magic: the Devil's ability to grant wishes/wealth, the Devil's ability to protect the apprentices, the Devil's ability to appear in human form, pockets always full of money
the Devil's horse's foot and man's foot (revealing his identity)the three phrases (representing their pact and perceived madness)the innkeeper's cellar (symbol of hidden evil)

Cultural Context

Origin: German
Era: timeless fairy tale

The Grimm brothers collected and published German folk tales, often reflecting common societal fears, beliefs, and moral lessons of the time, including the presence of supernatural figures like the Devil and the harsh realities of justice.

Plot Beats (13)

  1. Three apprentices, out of work and in rags, decide to travel together until they find work, or separate if they don't.
  2. They meet a richly-dressed man (the Devil) who offers them wealth and status if they follow his instructions.
  3. The Devil instructs them to always say 'All three of us,' 'For money,' and 'And quite right too!' in sequence, promising full pockets if they obey and loss of money if they disobey.
  4. The apprentices arrive at an inn, use their phrases, and are perceived as mad by the innkeeper and other lodgers, despite paying well.
  5. A rich merchant arrives at the inn with a large sum of money, which the innkeeper hides, fearing the 'crazy' apprentices.
  6. The innkeeper and his wife murder the merchant in the night.
  7. The next morning, the innkeeper frames the apprentices for the murder, using their strange phrases as 'confessions'.
  8. The apprentices are arrested, imprisoned, and brought to trial, where their repeated phrases are taken as admissions of guilt.
  9. The Devil visits them in prison, assuring them of their safety for one more day.
  10. At their execution, as the headsman prepares to strike, a grand coach arrives, signaling a pardon.
  11. The Devil, disguised as a noble gentleman, steps out and declares the apprentices innocent, allowing them to speak freely.
  12. The eldest apprentice reveals the innkeeper as the true murderer and directs the authorities to the innkeeper's cellar, where other victims are found.
  13. The innkeeper is executed, and the Devil reveals his true identity, stating he has claimed the innkeeper's soul, and the apprentices are free and wealthy for life.

Characters

👤

The First Apprentice

human young adult male

Initially in rags, later well-dressed due to the Devil's gifts.

Attire: Started in rags, later wore fine clothes provided by the Devil, suitable for a 'great lord'.

A young man in fine clothes, always ready to say 'All three of us'.

Practical, initially cautious about the Devil's offer, follows instructions diligently.

👤

The Second Apprentice

human young adult male

Initially in rags, later well-dressed due to the Devil's gifts.

Attire: Started in rags, later wore fine clothes provided by the Devil, suitable for a 'great lord'.

A young man in fine clothes, always ready to say 'For money'.

Observant (noticed the Devil's feet), follows instructions diligently.

👤

The Third Apprentice

human young adult male

Initially in rags, later well-dressed due to the Devil's gifts.

Attire: Started in rags, later wore fine clothes provided by the Devil, suitable for a 'great lord'.

A young man in fine clothes, always ready to say 'And quite right too!'

Follows instructions diligently, seems to accept the strange situation.

✦

The Devil

magical creature ageless male

Initially appears as a 'richly-dressed man' with one horse's foot and one man's foot. Later, as a 'very noble gentleman, beautifully dressed'.

Attire: Richly dressed, then beautifully dressed as a noble gentleman, implying luxurious, fashionable attire of the period.

A richly dressed gentleman with one human foot and one horse's hoof.

Cunning, manipulative, focused on acquiring souls, keeps his word (in a twisted way).

👤

The Innkeeper

human adult male

Unknown, but likely appears as a typical innkeeper of the era.

Attire: Likely practical, sturdy clothing suitable for running an inn.

A conniving innkeeper, holding an axe, with a cellar full of hanging bodies.

Greedy, murderous, deceptive, quick to accuse others.

👤

The Merchant

human adult male

Unknown, but implied to be a man of means.

Attire: Clothing appropriate for a wealthy merchant, likely practical but of good quality.

A wealthy man, dead in his bed, bathed in blood.

Cautious with his money, trusting of the innkeeper to a fault.

Locations

Open Road/Travel Path

transitional Implied fair weather for travel, but not explicitly stated.

A path or road where the apprentices are traveling, likely dusty and unkempt, reflecting their poverty.

Mood: Hopeful yet uncertain, as they seek work and encounter the Devil.

The apprentices meet the Devil and make their pact.

dusty road three apprentices richly-dressed man (Devil)

The Inn

indoor night Not specified, but likely typical for an inn at night.

A bustling inn with a common room for guests and private rooms upstairs and downstairs. It has a cellar.

Mood: Initially welcoming, then suspicious, and finally sinister and dangerous.

The apprentices stay, the merchant is murdered, and the apprentices are framed.

common room private rooms (upstairs/downstairs) cellar innkeeper innkeeper's wife merchant's trunk axe blood

The Court/Execution Ground

outdoor morning Not specified, but likely clear for a public event.

An open area where a trial and public execution are to take place, featuring a judge, executioner, and a scaffold.

Mood: Grim, tense, and foreboding, leading to a dramatic climax.

The apprentices are about to be executed, but the Devil intervenes, revealing the true murderer and freeing them.

judge scaffold headsman with naked sword executioner's men circle of onlookers coach drawn by four blood-red chestnut horses white handkerchief