The Three Brothers
by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales
Original Story
The three brothers
A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm
There was once a man who had three sons, and nothing else in the world but the house in which he lived. Now each of the sons wished to have the house after his father's death; but the father loved them all alike, and did not know what to do; he did not wish to sell the house, because it had belonged to his forefathers, else he might have divided the money amongst them. At last a plan came into his head, and he said to his sons, "Go into the world, and try each of you to learn a trade, and, when you all come back, he who makes the best masterpiece shall have the house."
The sons were well content with this, and the eldest determined to be a blacksmith, the second a barber, and the third a fencing-master. They fixed a time when they should all come home again, and then each went his way.
It chanced that they all found skilful masters, who taught them their trades well. The blacksmith had to shoe the King's horses, and he thought to himself, "The house is mine, without doubt." The barber only shaved great people, and he too already looked upon the house as his own. The fencing-master got many a blow, but he only bit his lip, and let nothing vex him; "for," said he to himself, "If you are afraid of a blow, you'll never win the house."
When the appointed time had gone by, the three brothers came back home to their father; but they did not know how to find the best opportunity for showing their skill, so they sat down and consulted together. As they were sitting thus, all at once a hare came running across the field. "Ah, ha, just in time!" said the barber. So he took his basin and soap, and lathered away until the hare came up; then he soaped and shaved off the hare's whiskers whilst he was running at the top of his speed, and did not even cut his skin or injure a hair on his body. "Well done!" said the old man. "your brothers will have to exert themselves wonderfully, or the house will be yours."
Soon after, up came a nobleman in his coach, dashing along at full speed. "Now you shall see what I can do, father," said the blacksmith; so away he ran after the coach, took all four shoes off the feet of one of the horses whilst he was galloping, and put him on four new shoes without stopping him. "You are a fine fellow, and as clever as your brother," said his father; "I do not know to which I ought to give the house."
Then the third son said, "Father, let me have my turn, if you please;" and, as it was beginning to rain, he drew his sword, and flourished it backwards and forwards above his head so fast that not a drop fell upon him. It rained still harder and harder, till at last it came down in torrents; but he only flourished his sword faster and faster, and remained as dry as if he were sitting in a house. When his father saw this he was amazed, and said, "This is the master-piece, the house is yours!"
His brothers were satisfied with this, as was agreed beforehand; and, as they loved one another very much, they all three stayed together in the house, followed their trades, and, as they had learnt them so well and were so clever, they earned a great deal of money. Thus they lived together happily until they grew old; and at last, when one of them fell sick and died, the two others grieved so sorely about it that they also fell ill, and soon after died. And because they had been so clever, and had loved one another so much, they were all laid in the same grave.
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Story DNA
Moral
True mastery and ingenuity are rewarded, but the greatest treasure is often found in unity and love.
Plot Summary
An old man promises his ancestral house to the son who learns the best trade and creates the best masterpiece. His three sons become a blacksmith, a barber, and a fencing-master, each excelling in their craft. Upon returning, they demonstrate their superhuman skills: the barber shaves a running hare, the blacksmith re-shoes a galloping horse, and the fencing-master deflects all raindrops with his sword. The fencing-master wins, but the brothers, bound by love, choose to live together in the house, prospering until their deaths, where they are buried together.
Themes
Emotional Arc
uncertainty to resolution to shared happiness to bittersweet end
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The Grimm's tales often reflect 19th-century German rural life and values, emphasizing hard work, skill, and family bonds.
Plot Beats (13)
- An old man has three sons and only a house, which all sons want.
- The father proposes a challenge: the son who learns the best trade and creates the best masterpiece will inherit the house.
- The sons agree and choose trades: blacksmith, barber, and fencing-master.
- Each son finds a master and excels, confident in winning the house.
- After the appointed time, the brothers return home and consult on how to demonstrate their skills.
- A hare appears, and the barber shaves its whiskers while it runs at full speed without injury.
- A nobleman's coach passes, and the blacksmith re-shoes a galloping horse without stopping it.
- It begins to rain, and the fencing-master uses his sword to deflect all raindrops, keeping himself dry.
- The father declares the fencing-master's feat the best masterpiece, awarding him the house.
- The brothers, satisfied and loving each other, decide to live together in the house.
- They continue their trades, earn much money, and live happily together until old age.
- When one brother falls ill and dies, the other two grieve so deeply they also fall ill and die soon after.
- Due to their cleverness and love, they are all buried in the same grave.
Characters
The Father
None explicitly mentioned, likely frail due to age.
Attire: Simple, functional clothing typical of a common man in a historical European setting.
Fair, loving, wise, observant
The Eldest Son
None explicitly mentioned, likely strong and sturdy from blacksmithing.
Attire: Sturdy, practical clothing, possibly a leather apron, typical of a blacksmith.
Determined, skilled, confident
The Second Son
None explicitly mentioned, likely neat and well-groomed.
Attire: Neat, clean clothing, possibly a white apron, typical of a barber.
Skillful, precise, confident
The Third Son
None explicitly mentioned, likely agile and quick.
Attire: Practical clothing, possibly with some military-style elements, suitable for a fencing-master.
Resilient, clever, humble, highly skilled
Locations
The Father's House
The only possession of the father, a family heirloom that belonged to his forefathers.
Mood: Familial, sentimental, a place of contention and eventual harmony.
The initial conflict over inheritance and the final resolution where all brothers live together.
Open Field outside the House
A field adjacent to the house where the brothers demonstrate their skills.
Mood: Anticipatory, competitive, then awe-inspiring.
The three brothers perform their masterpieces to determine who inherits the house.