The Three Little Birds
by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales
Original Story
The three little birds
A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm
About a thousand or more years ago, there were in this country nothing but small kings, and one of them who lived on the Keuterberg was very fond of hunting. Once on a time when he was riding forth from his castle with his huntsmen, three girls were watching their cows upon the mountain, and when they saw the King with all his followers, the eldest girl pointed to him, and called to the two other girls, "If I do not get that one, I will have none." Then the second girl answered from the other side of the hill, and pointed to the one who was on the King's right hand, "Hilloa! hilloa! If I do not get him, I will have no one." These, however, were the two ministers. The King heard all this, and when he had come back from the chase, he caused the three girls to be brought to him, and asked them what they had said yesterday on the mountain. This they would not tell him, so the King asked the eldest if she really would take him for her husband? Then she said, "Yes," and the two ministers married the two sisters, for they were all three fair and beautiful of face, especially the Queen, who had hair like flax. But the two sisters had no children, and once when the King was obliged to go from home he invited them to come to the Queen in order to cheer her, for she was about to bear a child. She had a little boy who brought a bright red star into the world with him. Then the two sisters said to each other that they would throw the beautiful boy into the water. When they had thrown him in (I believe it was into the Weser) a little bird flew up into the air, which sang ,
"To thy death art thou sped,
Until God's word be said.
In the white lily bloom,
Brave boy, is thy tomb."
When the two heard that, they were frightened to death, and ran away in great haste. When the King came home they told him that the Queen had been delivered of a dog. Then the King said, "What God does, is well done!" But a fisherman who dwelt near the water fished the little boy out again while he was still alive, and as his wife had no children, they reared him. When a year had gone by, the King again went away, and the Queen had another little boy, whom the false sisters likewise took and threw into the water. Then up flew a little bird again and sang,
"To thy death art thou sped,
Until God's word be said.
In the white lily bloom,
Brave boy, is thy tomb."
And when the King came back, they told him that the Queen had once more given birth to a dog, and he again said, "What God does, is well done." The fisherman, however, fished this one also out of the water, and reared him.
Then the King again journeyed forth, and the Queen had a little girl, whom also the false sisters threw into the water. Then again a little bird flew up on high and sang,
"To thy death art thou sped
Until God's word be said.
In the white lily bloom,
Bonny girl, is thy tomb."
And when the King came home they told him that the Queen had been delivered of a cat. Then the King grew angry, and ordered his wife to be cast into prison, and therein was she shut up for many long years.
In the meantime the children had grown up. Then eldest once went out with some other boys to fish, but the other boys would not have him with them, and said, "Go thy way, foundling."
Hereupon he was much troubled, and asked the old fisherman if that was true? The fisherman told him that once when he was fishing he had drawn him out of the water. So the boy said he would go forth and seek his father. The fisherman, however, entreated him to stay, but he would not let himself be hindered, and at last the fisherman consented. Then the boy went on his way and walked for many days, and at last he came to a great piece of water by the side of which stood an old woman fishing. "Good day, mother," said the boy.
"Many thanks," said she.
"Thou wilt fish long enough before thou catchest anything."
"And thou wilt seek long enough before thou findest thy father. How wilt thou get over the water?" said the woman.
"God knows."
Then the old woman took him up on her back and carried him through it, and he sought for a long time, but could not find his father.
When a year had gone by, the second boy set out to seek his brother. He came to the water, and all fared with him just as with his brother. And now there was no one at home but the daughter, and she mourned for her brothers so much that at last she also begged the fisherman to let her set forth, for she wished to go in search of her brothers. Then she likewise came to the great piece of water, and she said to the old woman, "Good day, mother."
"Many thanks," replied the old woman.
"May God help you with your fishing," said the maiden. When the old woman heard that, she became quite friendly, and carried her over the water, gave her a wand, and said to her, "Go, my daughter, ever onwards by this road, and when you come to a great black dog, you must pass it silently and boldly, without either laughing or looking at it. Then you will come to a great high castle, on the threshold of which you must let the wand fall, and go straight through the castle, and out again on the other side. There you will see an old fountain out of which a large tree has grown, whereon hangs a bird in a cage which you must take down. Take likewise a glass of water out of the fountain, and with these two things go back by the same way. Pick up the wand again from the threshold and take it with you, and when you again pass by the dog, strike him in the face with it, but be sure that you hit him, and then just come back here to me." The maiden found everything exactly as the old woman had said, and on her way back she found her two brothers who had sought each other over half the world. They went together to the place where the black dog was lying on the road; she struck it in the face, and it turned into a handsome prince who went with them to the river. There the old woman was still standing. She rejoiced much to see them again, and carried them all over the water, and then she too went away, for now she was freed. The others, however, went to the old fisherman, and all were glad that they had found each other again, but they hung the bird on the wall.
But the second son could not settle at home, and took his cross-bow and went a-hunting. When he was tired he took his flute, and made music. The King was hunting too, and heard that and went thither, and when he met the youth, he said, "Who has given thee leave to hunt here?"
"Oh, no one."
"To whom dost thou belong, then?"
"I am the fisherman's son."
"But he has no children."
"If thou wilt not believe, come with me."
That the King did, and questioned the fisherman, who told everything to him, and the little bird on the wall began to sing,
"The mother sits alone
There in the prison small,
O King of royal blood,
These are thy children all.
The sisters twain so false,
They wrought the children woe,
There in the waters deep
Where the fishermen come and go."
Then they were all terrified, and the King took the bird, the fisherman and the three children back with him to the castle, and ordered the prison to be opened and brought his wife out again. She had, however, grown quite ill and weak. Then the daughter gave her some of the water of the fountain to drink, and she became strong and healthy. But the two false sisters were burnt, and the daughter married the prince.
- * * * *
Story DNA
Moral
Evil deeds will eventually be exposed and punished, while innocence and virtue will be rewarded.
Plot Summary
A king marries a beautiful commoner, whose envious sisters repeatedly throw her newborn children into the water, replacing them with animals and causing the Queen's imprisonment. The children are rescued and raised by a fisherman. Years later, the children embark on separate quests to discover their origins, with the daughter, guided by a magical old woman, ultimately finding a truth-telling bird and healing water. The bird reveals the sisters' treachery to the King, leading to the Queen's release and recovery, the sisters' punishment, and the daughter's marriage to a transformed prince.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The mention of 'small kings' and the Keuterberg suggests a setting in fragmented medieval Germany. The punishment of burning was a historical method for witchcraft or severe crimes.
Plot Beats (14)
- A king overhears three cowherd girls, including a beautiful one who declares she'd only marry him; he marries her, and his ministers marry her two sisters.
- The Queen's sisters, envious, throw her firstborn son (who has a red star) into the water while the King is away, telling him she birthed a dog.
- A fisherman rescues the first son and raises him; a little bird sings a cryptic song about the boy's fate.
- The sisters repeat the act with the Queen's second son and then her daughter, each time a bird sings, and the King is told she birthed a dog/cat.
- The King, angered by the third 'birth', imprisons the Queen for many years.
- The eldest son, taunted as a 'foundling', learns his origin from the fisherman and sets out to find his father.
- The eldest son encounters a magical old woman who helps him cross a body of water but he fails to find his father.
- The second son follows his brother's path, also failing to find his father.
- The daughter, seeking her brothers, is helped by the same old woman who gives her a magic wand and specific instructions to find a caged bird and fountain water.
- The daughter follows the instructions, finds her brothers, uses the wand to transform a black dog into a prince, and returns with the bird and water.
- The second son goes hunting, encounters the King, and brings him back to the fisherman's home.
- The caged bird sings a song revealing the Queen's innocence, the sisters' treachery, and the children's true identity.
- The King frees the Queen, who is weak; the daughter uses the fountain water to restore her mother's health.
- The wicked sisters are burned to death, and the daughter marries the transformed prince.
Characters
The King
None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be a powerful ruler.
Attire: Royal attire, suitable for hunting, as he is a king.
Fond of hunting, initially trusting, later angry and then remorseful.
The Queen
Fair and beautiful of face, with hair like flax.
Attire: Period-appropriate queen's attire, later simple prison clothes.
Patient, enduring, victimized.
The Eldest Sister
Fair and beautiful of face.
Attire: Peasant dress initially, later likely courtly attire as a minister's wife.
Ambitious, jealous, cruel, deceptive.
The Second Sister
Fair and beautiful of face.
Attire: Peasant dress initially, later likely courtly attire as a minister's wife.
Ambitious, jealous, cruel, deceptive.
The Eldest Son
A beautiful boy who brought a bright red star into the world with him.
Attire: Simple fisherman's clothes, later traveler's attire.
Determined, curious, resilient.
The Second Son
None explicitly mentioned.
Attire: Simple fisherman's clothes, later traveler's attire, carries a cross-bow and flute.
Restless, musical, determined.
The Daughter
None explicitly mentioned.
Attire: Simple fisherman's clothes, later traveler's attire.
Loyal, brave, compassionate, resourceful.
The Little Bird
A small bird.
Attire: Feathers.
Observant, truthful, prophetic.
Locations
Keuterberg Mountain
A mountain where three girls were watching their cows. The King and his huntsmen ride forth from his castle nearby.
Mood: pastoral, open, significant for initial encounter
The initial encounter between the King and the three sisters, where the sisters express their desires for husbands.
The Weser River (or similar large body of water)
A deep river or large body of water where the children are repeatedly thrown by the false sisters. A fisherman lives nearby and fishes them out.
Mood: treacherous, life-giving (due to the fisherman), central to the children's survival
The repeated attempted murders of the Queen's children and their subsequent rescue by the fisherman.
The Great Piece of Water
A large body of water that the children must cross to find their father/brothers. An old woman fishes by its side and helps them cross.
Mood: mysterious, a barrier, a place of guidance
The children's journey to find their family, facilitated by the old woman.
The High Castle with the Fountain
A great high castle with a threshold where a magic wand is dropped. Beyond it, an old fountain out of which a large tree has grown, holding a caged bird.
Mood: magical, ancient, a place of revelation
The maiden's quest to retrieve the bird and the healing water, leading to the truth being revealed.
The King's Castle (Prison)
The King's royal residence, which also contains a small, dark prison where the Queen is unjustly held for many years, becoming ill and weak.
Mood: royal, powerful, but also oppressive and sorrowful due to the Queen's imprisonment
The Queen's unjust imprisonment and eventual release and healing, and the final confrontation with the false sisters.