The Twelve Huntsmen

by Brothers Grimm · from Household Tales

fairy tale romance hopeful Ages 8-14 1102 words 5 min read
Original Story 1102 words · 5 min read

The twelve huntsmen

A fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm

There was once a King's son who was betrothed to a maiden whom he loved very much. And when he was sitting beside her and very happy, news came that his father lay sick unto death, and desired to see him once again before his end. Then he said to his beloved, "I must now go and leave thee, I give thee a ring as a remembrance of me. When I am King, I will return and fetch thee." So he rode away, and when he reached his father, the latter was dangerously ill, and near his death. He said to him, "Dear son, I wished to see thee once again before my end, promise me to marry as I wish," and he named a certain King's daughter who was to be his wife. The son was in such trouble that he did not think what he was doing, and said, "Yes, dear father, your will shall be done," and thereupon the King shut his eyes, and died.

When therefore the son had been proclaimed King, and the time of mourning was over, he was forced to keep the promise which he had given his father, and caused the King's daughter to be asked in marriage, and she was promised to him. His first betrothed heard of this, and fretted so much about his faithlessness that she nearly died. Then her father said to her, "Dearest child, why art thou so sad? Thou shalt have whatsoever thou wilt." She thought for a moment and said, "Dear father, I wish for eleven girls exactly like myself in face, figure, and size." The father said, "If it be possible, thy desire shall be fulfilled," and he caused a search to be made in his whole kingdom, until eleven young maidens were found who exactly resembled his daughter in face, figure, and size.

When they came to the King's daughter, she had twelve suits of huntsmen's clothes made, all alike, and the eleven maidens had to put on the huntsmen's clothes, and she herself put on the twelfth suit. Thereupon she took leave of her father, and rode away with them, and rode to the court of her former betrothed, whom she loved so dearly. Then she inquired if he required any huntsmen, and if he would take the whole of them into his service. The King looked at her and did not know her, but as they were such handsome fellows, he said, "Yes," and that he would willingly take them, and now they were the King's twelve huntsmen.

The King, however, had a lion which was a wondrous animal, for he knew all concealed and secret things. It came to pass that one evening he said to the King, "Thou thinkest thou hast twelve huntsmen?" - "Yes," said the King, "they are twelve huntsmen." The lion continued, "Thou art mistaken, they are twelve girls." The King said, "That cannot be true! How wilt thou prove that to me?" - "Oh, just let some peas be strewn in thy ante-chamber," answered the lion, "and then thou wilt soon see it. Men have a firm step, and when they walk over the peas none of them stir, but girls trip and skip, and drag their feet, and the peas roll about." The King was well pleased with the counsel, and caused the peas to be strewn.

There was, however, a servant of the King's who favored the huntsmen, and when he heard that they were going to be put to this test he went to them and repeated everything, and said, "The lion wants to make the King believe that you are girls." Then the King's daughter thanked him, and said to her maidens, "Put on some strength, and step firmly on the peas." So next morning when the King had the twelve huntsmen called before him, and they came into the ante-chamber where the peas were lying, they stepped so firmly on them, and had such a strong, sure walk, that not one of the peas either rolled or stirred. Then they went away again, and the King said to the lion, "Thou hast lied to me, they walk just like men." The lion said, "They have got to know that they were going to be put to the test, and have assumed some strength. Just let twelve spinning-wheels be brought into the ante-chamber some day, and they will go to them and be pleased with them, and that is what no man would do." The King liked the advice, and had the spinning-wheels placed in the ante-chamber.

But the servant, who was well disposed to the huntsmen, went to them, and disclosed the project. Then when they were alone the King's daughter said to her eleven girls, "Put some constraint on yourselves, and do not look round at the spinning-wheels." And next morning when the King had his twelve huntsmen summoned, they went through the ante-chamber, and never once looked at the spinning wheels. Then the King again said to the lion, "Thou hast deceived me, they are men, for they have not looked at the spinning-wheels." The lion replied, "They have learnt that they were going to be put to the test, and have restrained themselves." The King, however, would no longer believe the lion.

The twelve huntsmen always followed the King to the chase, and his liking for them continually increased. Now it came to pass that once when they were out hunting, news came that the King's betrothed was approaching. When the true bride heard that, it hurt her so much that her heart was almost broken, and she fell fainting to the ground. The King thought something had happened to his dear huntsman, ran up to him, wanted to help him, and drew his glove off. Then he saw the ring which he had given to his first bride, and when he looked in her face he recognized her. Then his heart was so touched that he kissed her, and when she opened her eyes he said, "Thou art mine, and I am thine, and no one in the world can alter that." He sent a messenger to the other bride, and entreated her to return to her own kingdom, for he had a wife already, and a man who had just found an old dish did not require a new one. Thereupon the wedding was celebrated, and the lion was again taken into favour, because, after all, he had told the truth.

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Story DNA

Moral

True love and faithfulness will ultimately prevail, even against difficult circumstances and societal pressures.

Plot Summary

A prince, forced by his dying father to promise marriage to another, breaks his betrothal to his true love. Heartbroken, his first betrothed disguises herself and eleven identical maidens as huntsmen and infiltrates his court. A magical lion suspects their true identity and devises two tests, but a sympathetic servant warns them, allowing them to pass. Finally, during a hunt, the disguised maiden faints upon hearing of the second bride's arrival, revealing her identity and the ring the King gave her. The King recognizes his true love, rejects the arranged marriage, and they marry.

Themes

fidelityidentityperseverancetrue love

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs society
Ending: happy
Magic: talking lion with supernatural knowledge
the ring (symbol of betrothal and fidelity)huntsmen's clothes (symbol of disguise and gender role reversal)peas and spinning wheels (symbols of gendered behavior and tests)

Cultural Context

Origin: German
Era: timeless fairy tale

Reflects societal expectations of royal duty and arranged marriages prevalent in historical European monarchies, where personal feelings often took second place to political alliances.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. A King's son is betrothed to a maiden he loves, but must leave her when his father falls ill.
  2. On his deathbed, the father makes the son promise to marry another specific princess.
  3. The father dies, and the son, now King, is forced to honor his promise, sending for the second princess.
  4. The first betrothed hears of this, is heartbroken, and asks her father for eleven girls exactly like her.
  5. She has twelve huntsmen's suits made, and she and the eleven girls disguise themselves as huntsmen.
  6. They travel to the King's court and are hired as his twelve huntsmen.
  7. The King's magical lion suspects they are girls and suggests a test: strewing peas in the antechamber.
  8. A servant, sympathetic to the huntsmen, warns them of the pea test.
  9. The disguised maidens walk firmly over the peas, passing the first test.
  10. The lion suggests a second test: placing spinning wheels in the antechamber.
  11. The servant again warns the huntsmen, and they avoid looking at the spinning wheels, passing the second test.
  12. While hunting, news arrives of the second bride's approach, causing the true bride (disguised huntsman) to faint.
  13. The King removes her glove to help and sees the ring he gave his first betrothed, recognizing her.
  14. The King declares his love for her, sends away the second bride, and they marry, with the lion back in favor.

Characters

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King's Son

human young adult male

Handsome, as implied by his betrothal to a beautiful maiden and his general royal status.

Attire: Royal attire, hunting clothes when with his huntsmen.

A young king, torn between duty and love, holding a ring.

Initially loving and devoted, then conflicted and obedient to his father's dying wish, eventually loyal to his true love.

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King's Daughter

human young adult female

Beautiful, with a face, figure, and size so distinctive that eleven other maidens are sought to match her exactly.

Attire: Initially royal gowns, then disguises herself in a huntsman's uniform of green and brown, complete with a hat and boots.

A beautiful maiden disguised as a huntsman, wearing a ring on her finger.

Devoted, resourceful, determined, heartbroken but resilient.

🐾

Lion

animal adult non-human

A wondrous animal, capable of speech and possessing supernatural knowledge.

Attire: None, natural fur.

A majestic lion, speaking with human-like wisdom.

Perceptive, truthful, persistent, initially distrusted but ultimately proven right.

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The Father (King of the King's Daughter)

human adult male

Implied to be a king of some stature.

Attire: Royal robes.

A concerned king, listening to his sorrowful daughter.

Loving, doting, eager to fulfill his daughter's wishes.

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The Servant

human adult male

Unspecified, likely a commoner.

Attire: Servant's livery.

A discreet servant, whispering a warning.

Kind, observant, loyal to the huntsmen (and thus to the King's Daughter).

👤

The Other King's Daughter

human young adult female

A King's daughter, implied to be suitable for marriage to a king.

Attire: Royal attire, suitable for a betrothed princess.

A princess arriving in a royal procession, only to be turned away.

Passive, a pawn in the political marriage, ultimately accepting of her fate.

Locations

King's Palace

indoor

The royal residence where the King's son is betrothed, where his father dies, and where he later reigns.

Mood: Initially joyful, then somber with the King's death, later formal and tense due to the new betrothal.

The King's son receives news of his father's illness, his father dies here, he becomes King, and the false betrothal is arranged.

throne room royal chambers ante-chamber

Ante-chamber of the Palace

indoor morning implied indoor conditions

A room within the King's palace, used for tests to determine the gender of the huntsmen.

Mood: Tense, suspicious, a place of cunning and deception.

The huntsmen are tested by walking on peas and by the presence of spinning-wheels to reveal their true gender.

strewn peas on the floor spinning-wheels

Hunting Grounds

outdoor daytime varies, but suitable for hunting

An area where the King and his twelve huntsmen regularly go for the chase.

Mood: Active, adventurous, but becomes dramatically emotional.

The King's true bride faints upon hearing of the approaching false bride, leading to her recognition by the King and their reunion.

forest open fields horses hunting gear