Blue Beard
by Charles Perrault

Blue Beard There was a man who had fine houses, both in town and country, a deal of silver and gold plate, embroidered furniture, and coaches gilded all over with gold. But this man had the misfortune to have a blue beard, which made him so frightfully ugly, that all the women and girls ran away from him. One of his neighbours, a lady of quality, had two daughters who were perfect beauties. He desired of her one of them in marriage, leaving to her the choice which of the two she would bestow upon him. They would neither of them have him, and each made the other welcome of him, being not able to bear the thought of marrying a man who had a blue beard. And what besides gave them disgust and aversion, was his having already been married to several wives, and nobody ever knew what became of them. Blue Beard, to engage their affection, took them, with the lady their mother, and three or four ladies of their acquaintance, with other young people of the neighbourhood, to one of his country seats, where they stayed a whole week. There was nothing then to be seen but parties of pleasure, hunting, fishing, dancing, mirth and feasting. Nobody went to bed, but all passed the night in playing tricks upon each other. In short, every thing succeeded so well, that the youngest daughter began to think the master of the house not to have a beard so very blue, and that he was a mighty civil gentleman. As soon as they returned home, the marriage was concluded. About a month afterwards Blue Beard told his wife that he was obliged to take a country journey for six weeks at least, about affairs of very great consequence, desiring her to divert herself in his absence, to send for her friends and acquaintances, to carry them into the country, if she pleased, and to make good cheer wherever she was. "Here," said he, "are the keys of the two great wardrobes, wherein I have my best furniture; these are of my silver and gold plate, which is not every day in use; these open my strong boxes, which hold my money, both gold and silver; these my caskets of jewels; and this is the master-key to all my apartments. But for this little one here, it is the key of the closet at the end of the great gallery on the ground floor. Open them all; go into all and every one of them; except that little closet which I forbid you, and forbid it in such a manner that, if you happen to open it, there will be no bounds to my just anger and resentment." She promised to observe, very exactly, whatever he had ordered; when he, after having embraced her, got into his coach and proceeded on his journey. [Illustration: "THIS MAN HAD THE MISFORTUNE TO HAVE A BLUE BEARD"] Her neighbours and good friends did not stay to be sent for by the newmarried lady, so great was their impatience to see all the rich furniture of her house, not daring to come while her husband was there, because of his blue beard which frightened them. They ran thro' all the rooms, closets, and wardrobes, which were all so rich and fine, that they seemed to surpass one another. After that, they went up into the two great rooms, where were the best and richest furniture; they could not sufficiently admire the number and beauty of the tapestry, beds, couches, cabinets, stands, tables, and looking-glasses in which you might see yourself from head to foot; some of them were framed with glass, others with silver, plain and gilded, the finest and most magnificent which were ever seen. They ceased not to extol and envy the happiness of their friend, who in the mean time no way diverted herself in looking upon all these rich things, because of the impatience she had to go and open the closet of the ground floor. She was so much pressed by her curiosity, that, without considering that it was very uncivil to leave her company, she went down a little back-stair-case, and with such excessive haste, that she had twice or thrice like to have broken her neck. Being come to the closet door, she made a stop for some time, thinking upon her husband's orders, and considering what unhappiness might attend her if she was disobedient; but the temptation was so strong she could not overcome it. She took then the little key, and opened it trembling; but could not at first see any thing plainly, because the windows were shut. After some moments she began to perceive that the floor was all covered over with clotted blood, in which were reflected the bodies of several dead women ranged against the walls: these were all the wives whom Blue Beard had married and murdered one after another. She was like to have died for fear, and the key, which she pulled out of the lock, fell out of her hand. * * * * * After having somewhat recovered her senses, she took up the key, locked the door, and went up stairs into her chamber to recover herself; but she could not, so much was she frightened. Having observed that the key of the closet was stained with blood, she tried two or three times to wipe it off, but the blood would not come off; in vain did she wash it, and even rub it with soap and sand, the blood still remained, for the key was a Fairy, and she could never make it quite clean; when the blood was gone off from one side, it came again on the other. Blue Beard returned from his journey the same evening, and said, he had received letters upon the road, informing him that the affair he went about was ended to his advantage. His wife did all she could to convince him she was extremely glad of his speedy return. Next morning he asked her for the keys, which she gave him, but with such a trembling hand, that he easily guessed what had happened. "What," said he, "is not the key of my closet among the rest?" "I must certainly," answered she, "have left it above upon the table." "Fail not," said Blue Beard, "to bring it me presently." After putting him off several times, she was forced to bring him the key. Blue Beard, having very attentively considered it, said to his wife: "How comes this blood upon the key?" "I do not know," cried the poor woman, paler than death. "You do not know," replied Blue Beard; "I very well know, you were resolved to go into the closet, were you not? Mighty well, Madam; you shall go in, and take your place among the ladies you saw there." Upon this she threw herself at her husband's feet, and begged his pardon with all the signs of a true repentance for her disobedience. She would have melted a rock, so beautiful and sorrowful was she; but Blue Beard had a heart harder than any rock. "You must die, Madam," said he, "and that presently." "Since I must die," answered she, looking upon him with her eyes all bathed in tears, "give me some little time to say my prayers." "I give you," replied Blue Beard, "half a quarter of an hour, but not one moment more." * * * * * When she was alone, she called out to her sister, and said to her: "Sister Anne" (for that was her name), "go up I beg you, upon the top of the tower, and look if my brothers are not coming; they promised me that they would come to-day, and if you see them, give them a sign to make haste." Her sister Anne went up upon the top of the tower, and the poor afflicted wife cried out from time to time, "Anne, sister Anne, do you see any one coming?" And sister Anne said: "I see nothing but the sun, which makes a dust, and the grass growing green." In the mean while Blue Beard, holding a great scimitar in his hand, cried out as loud as he could bawl to his wife: "Come down instantly, or I shall come up to you." "One moment longer, if you please," said his wife, and then she cried out very softly: "Anne, sister Anne, dost thou see any body coming?" And sister Anne answered: "I see nothing but the sun, which makes a dust, and the grass growing green." "Come down quickly," cried Blue Beard, "or I will come up to you." "I am coming," answered his wife; and then she cried: "Anne, sister Anne, dost thou see any one coming?" "I see," replied sister Anne, "a great dust that comes this way." "Are they my brothers?" "Alas! no, my dear sister, I see a flock of sheep." "Will you not come down?" cried Blue Beard. "One moment longer," said his wife, and then she cried out: "Anne, sister Anne, dost thou see nobody coming?" "I see," said she, "two horsemen coming, but they are yet a great way off." "God be praised," she cried presently, "they are my brothers; I am beckoning to them, as well as I can, for them to make haste." Then Blue Beard bawled out so loud, that he made the whole house tremble. The distressed wife came down, and threw herself at his feet, all in tears, with her hair about her shoulders. "Nought will avail," said Blue Beard, "you must die"; then, taking hold of her hair with one hand, and lifting up his scimitar with the other, he was going to take off her head. The poor lady turning about to him, and looking at him with dying eyes, desired him to afford her one little moment to recollect herself. "No, no," said he, "recommend thyself to God," and was just ready to strike. At this very instant there was such a loud knocking at the gate, that Blue Beard made a sudden stop. The gate was opened, and presently entered two horsemen, who drawing their swords, ran directly to Blue Beard. He knew them to be his wife's brothers, one a dragoon, the other a musqueteer; so that he ran away immediately to save himself; but the two brothers pursued so close, that they overtook him before he could get to the steps of the porch, when they ran their swords thro' his body and left him dead. The poor wife was almost as dead as her husband, and had not strength enough to rise and welcome her brothers. Blue Beard had no heirs, and so his wife became mistress of all his estate. She made use of one part of it to marry her sister Anne to a young gentleman who had loved her a long while; another part to buy captains' commissions for her brothers; and the rest to marry herself to a very worthy gentleman, who made her forget the ill time she had passed with Blue Beard. [Illustration] _The Moral_ _O curiosity, thou mortal bane! Spite of thy charms, thou causest often pain And sore regret, of which we daily find A thousand instances attend mankind: For thou--O may it not displease the fair-- A fleeting pleasure art, but lasting care. And always proves, alas! too dear the prize, Which, in the moment of possession, dies._ _Another_ _A very little share of common sense, And knowledge of the world, will soon evince That this a story is of time long pass'd; No husbands now such panic terrors cast; Nor weakly, with a vain despotic hand, Imperious, what's impossible, command: And be they discontented, or the fire Of wicked jealousy their hearts inspire, They softly sing; and of whatever hue Their beards may chance to be, or black, or blue, Grizeld, or russet, it is hard to say Which of the two, the man or wife, bears sway._ _The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood_ [Illustration] [Illustration: "AT THIS VERY INSTANT THE YOUNG FAIRY CAME OUT FROM BEHIND THE HANGINGS" (_page 50_)]
Moral of the Story
Unchecked curiosity can lead to severe and lasting pain, and it is unwise to defy explicit warnings, especially from powerful figures.
Characters
Blue Beard ⚔ antagonist
Frightfully ugly, with a distinctive blue beard.
Attire: Implied to be wealthy, owning fine houses and gilded coaches, suggesting rich attire appropriate for a man of quality in his era.
Deceptive, cruel, possessive, murderous, easily angered, impatient.
Blue Beard's Wife ★ protagonist
One of two 'perfect beauties' in her family. Described as 'beautiful and sorrowful' when begging for her life.
Attire: Initially dressed as a young woman of quality, later implied to be in a state of distress, perhaps in a nightgown or simple dress.
Curious, disobedient, fearful, repentant, resourceful under pressure.
Sister Anne ◆ supporting
No specific description, but she is the sister of a 'perfect beauty', implying she is also attractive.
Attire: Implied to be dressed as a young woman of quality, appropriate for the era.
Loyal, observant, helpful, calm under pressure.
The Mother ○ minor
A lady of quality.
Attire: Dressed as a lady of quality, appropriate for the era.
Concerned for her daughters' well-being, but swayed by Blue Beard's charm and wealth.
The Dragoon Brother ◆ supporting
One of Blue Beard's wife's brothers.
Attire: Military uniform of a dragoon (cavalry soldier) of the period, with a sword.
Brave, protective, decisive.
The Musqueteer Brother ◆ supporting
One of Blue Beard's wife's brothers.
Attire: Military uniform of a musqueteer (infantry soldier) of the period, with a sword.
Brave, protective, decisive.
Locations

Blue Beard's Country Seat
A grand estate with facilities for pleasure parties, hunting, fishing, dancing, mirth, and feasting.
Mood: Festive, luxurious, initially charming.
Blue Beard courts the youngest daughter and her family here, leading to their marriage.

The Great Gallery on the Ground Floor
A long gallery leading to a forbidden closet.
Mood: Tense, filled with forbidden curiosity.
The wife approaches the forbidden closet, her curiosity building.

The Forbidden Closet
A small, dark room with shut windows, its floor covered in clotted blood, and the bodies of several dead women ranged against the walls.
Mood: Horrifying, macabre, terrifying.
The wife discovers Blue Beard's secret, leading to her terror and the stained key.

The Top of the Tower
A high vantage point from which Sister Anne can look out for approaching figures.
Mood: Anxious, hopeful, desperate.
Sister Anne watches for their brothers while Blue Beard threatens his wife below.

The Entrance/Porch of Blue Beard's House
The area just inside the gate and leading to the steps of the porch.
Mood: Dramatic, climactic, violent.
Blue Beard's brothers arrive and kill him, saving his wife.
Story DNA
Moral
Unchecked curiosity can lead to severe and lasting pain, and it is unwise to defy explicit warnings, especially from powerful figures.
Plot Summary
A wealthy but terrifying man with a blue beard marries a young woman, despite his mysterious past with several vanished wives. He leaves her with keys to his estate, forbidding her from opening one specific closet. Overcome by curiosity, she disobeys and discovers the gruesome remains of his previous victims, staining the forbidden key with indelible blood. Blue Beard returns, discovers her transgression, and intends to kill her, but she stalls for time, sending her sister to watch for their brothers. Just as Blue Beard is about to strike, her brothers arrive and kill him, saving her life. She inherits his fortune and eventually finds happiness.
Themes
Emotional Arc
initial reluctance to forced joy to terror to relief and liberation
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Perrault's version is from the late 17th century, reflecting societal norms and anxieties of that period, particularly regarding female curiosity and male authority. The character of Blue Beard is thought to be inspired by historical figures like Gilles de Rais.
Plot Beats (13)
- Blue Beard, a rich but feared man due to his blue beard and mysterious past wives, seeks a new bride.
- He courts two sisters, who are initially repulsed, but the youngest is swayed by his lavish hospitality and marries him.
- Blue Beard departs on a journey, giving his new wife all keys to his estate but strictly forbidding her from opening one small closet.
- Overcome by curiosity, the wife disobeys and opens the forbidden closet, discovering the bloody corpses of Blue Beard's previous wives.
- Terrified, she drops the key, which becomes stained with indelible blood, revealing her transgression.
- Blue Beard returns unexpectedly early, demands the keys, and immediately notices the blood on the forbidden key.
- He confronts his wife, confesses his murderous nature, and declares she will join his previous victims.
- The wife pleads for a moment to pray, using the time to send her sister Anne to the tower to watch for their brothers' arrival.
- Sister Anne repeatedly reports seeing nothing but the sun and grass as Blue Beard grows increasingly impatient and threatening.
- Just as Blue Beard is about to strike his wife, Sister Anne spots their brothers approaching.
- The brothers, a dragoon and a musketeer, burst in and kill Blue Beard before he can harm his wife.
- The wife inherits Blue Beard's vast wealth.
- She uses the inheritance to marry off her sister, secure commissions for her brothers, and eventually remarries happily, putting the traumatic experience behind her.





