THE KING of THE SPARROWS

by William Elliot Griffis · from Korean Fairy Tales

fairy tale moral tale hopeful Ages 8-14 1759 words 8 min read
Cover: THE KING of THE SPARROWS

Adapted Version

CEFR A1 Age 5 731 words 4 min Canon 100/100

Sparrows live near people's homes. They build nests on roofs. They find food there. At times, big snakes live on the roofs too. These snakes trouble sparrows. Other birds help them. Kind people help them too. This keeps the sparrows safe.

One day, a Little Sparrow learned to fly. It was a very young bird. A big snake came. The snake almost caught the Little Sparrow. A different bird flew fast. It scared the snake away. The Little Sparrow fell. Its leg got stuck. The leg was hurt. It could not move.

The Kind Man lived in the house. He loved birds. He saw the Little Sparrow. He felt sad for it. He lifted the bird gently. He smoothed its feathers. The Kind Man fixed its leg. He put soft clay on it. He kept the bird warm. He gave it food each day. The Little Sparrow got strong again.

One day, the Kind Man let it fly. It flew to the roof. It chirped thanks to its friend. Then it flew far away. It went to Sparrow City. The Sparrow King lived there. The Little Sparrow told him. It told about the Kind Man. He helped birds in trouble.

The Sparrow King listened well. Other sparrows listened too. They liked the story very much. They wanted to thank the Kind Man. They found many nice things. They put them in a small seed. It was a magic seed. They gave it to the Little Sparrow.

The Little Sparrow flew back. It went to the Kind Man's house. It chirped loudly near the window. The Kind Man came out. The sparrow put the seed in his hand. It chirped happy sounds. The Kind Man laughed. He did not think it was special. He thought it was a joke.

The Kind Wife was very wise. She told him: 'Keep the seed. Plant it.' The Kind Man planted the seed. It grew very fast. A big vine grew. Many green leaves covered the house. A big, round gourd grew. It was very pretty. It got bigger.

The gourd got very big. It was ripe and ready. The Kind Man opened it with a saw. Many good things came out. Gold came out. Nice clothes came out. Good food came out. Strong beasts came out. Kind helpers came out. They were very happy. Their home was new and full. They had all they needed.

The Unkind Man lived nearby. He saw the Kind Man's good things. He felt angry and wanted riches too. He hated sparrows. He waited for a bird. He threw a stick at it. He hurt a sparrow on purpose. Its leg broke. He put some clay on it. He did not help it well. The leg was crooked and bad. He let the bird fly away.

The sparrow flew to Sparrow City. Its leg was crooked and hurt. It told the Sparrow King its story. It told about the Unkind Man. It told about his unkind actions. The Sparrow King listened well. He gave a seed to the sparrow. It was for the Unkind Man.

The sparrow flew back. It dropped the seed near his house. The Unkind Man saw it. He picked up the seed. He planted it quickly in the ground. He wanted riches very much. A big vine grew fast. Many leaves covered his house. Big gourds grew. He waited for them to ripen.

The Unkind Man cut open a gourd. Many strange people came out. They wanted money from him. They made loud noises. He had to pay them much cash. He opened another gourd. More people came out. They wanted things too. They cost him more money. He opened more gourds. Many troubles came out. He lost much money. He was getting poorer.

The Unkind Man had no money left. He was very poor now. He opened the last gourd. A very bad smell came out. He ran from his house fast. His wife ran too. A strong wind blew. His house broke down completely. Fire came and burned it. He had nothing left at all.

The Unkind Man had no home now. He had no money. His wife had nothing either. They needed help to live. The Kind Man helped them. He was still kind to everyone. They lived happily ever after. Being kind makes good things happen. Being unkind makes bad things happen.

Original Story 1759 words · 8 min read

THE KING OF THE SPARROWS

The Korean children are awakened every morning by the twittering of the sparrows. These little birds build their nests among the vines on the roof and along the eaves. The people plant melon, gourd, and mock orange seeds along the sunny sides of their houses in spring time. All through the summer, and until late in autumn, the walls and roofs are covered with the thick green leaves. Here, in these sheltered places, the sparrow mother lays her eggs and the father sparrow finds worms and feeds her, until the hungry birdies open their little mouths for something to eat. After this, both parents are kept busy in raising their brood and teaching them to fly.

The greatest dangers to the birdlings come from cruel snakes that live on the roof and eat up the young sparrows. Sometimes, to help them against their enemy, the parent sparrows call in the aid of larger birds that are not afraid of the reptiles. These peck at the snake until they drive him away. There is always a lively chattering over the victory.

One day, a young sparrow that had hardly learned to fly was almost seized, and might have been devoured by the roof-snake, but was saved by a big, brave bird that flew at the reptile. Although escaped from the snake’s jaws, the sparrow in falling caught its legs in the curtain made of split bamboo, which hung before the verandah of the house, and its limb was put out of joint. There it lay helpless between the splints.

The owner of the house was a kind man, who loved the birds. Taking pity on the poor sparrow, he carefully lifted it up, smoothed its feathers, and quieted the little creature, while its heart kept beating so fast. Then setting its leg in place, he put some moist clay around the broken part, until it should be all right again. Meanwhile, he kept it warm, feeding the birdie until it was strong again. One day he took it in his hand and out-of-doors letting it fly away. Soon it came back and perched on the edge of the roof, twittering thanks to its kind friend. Then it spread its wings to fly to the King of the Sparrows, who lived in the city of Sparrow Capital, where it at once informed His Majesty about the good man who healed and befriended birds when they were in trouble and who had saved the young sparrow’s life.

The King of Sparrow Land and all his wise counselors heard the story with great interest. Then they held a meeting and voted to reward richly so good a friend of all sparrows. So they went into the storehouse where were kept beautiful treasures which human beings love. From the collection they chose what they thought would please most their good friend, such as gold, jade, brocade, cups and saucers, rice, horses to ride on, oxen to bear heavy loads and pretty maids to wait on him, besides silk and cotton clothes of all sorts, with delicious things to eat and drink. By some magic process, they packed these into a seed and then gave it to the sparrow in its bill to carry to the good man. They charged the bird on no account to lose it and be sure to give it to no one but the right person.

So the sparrow flew out of Sparrow Land and down to the house of its kind friend. Carefully laying down the seed, it kept near the paper window-frame and made a great twittering, until the man came out to see what was the matter. Recognizing his old acquaintance, he put out his open hand and the sparrow laid the seed in his palm, meanwhile chattering in a lively way and looking in his face as if to tell him how precious the treasure was.

But the good fellow only took it in to his wife and told her how he got it, laughed over the matter and was going to throw it away, thinking it only sparrow fun.

The wife, who was a wise woman, begged her husband to keep it and on a warm day in spring she planted it. It grew to be a luxuriant vine that clothed all one side of the house with its leaves. When one unusually fine large handsome gourd was nearly ripe, the man thought of plucking it for food; but, taking his wife’s advice, he waited until full autumn had come. By this time the gourd, having absorbed the sunshine all summer, was fully ripe.

Then they took a saw to open it properly, and lo! a store of riches came out of that gourd, such as neither the man nor his wife had ever dreamed of.

First issued something which spread itself out before them. It was a table of costly jade, such as an Emperor ever eats from. Next rolled forth a silver bottle of delicious wine and then the daintiest cups, that set themselves on the jade table. Soon a gold tea-caddy appeared filled with the fragrant leaf. Then rolls of silk, fine muslin, satin brocade, and a store of rich clothes, hats, shoes, girdles, and socks enough to last a lifetime appeared before their eyes. After these were rice and cooked food of all sorts ready for a feast. Looking out into the yard, they saw strong horses and fat oxen waiting to do their master’s bidding. Last of all, some lovely young girls, as fair as the moon, stepped out of the gourd and proceeded to serve the good things of the feast, as if they had been used to waiting on ladies and gentlemen all their lives. Following the feast, they danced, made music and gave no end of entertainment and service to the man and his wife, who were now as happy as king and queen.

In their once humble home, now made over new, with all the store of good things and plenty of loyal servants and strong animals to serve them, the old couple lived without care and traveled where they pleased.

But when a wicked man, that hated all sparrows and had often driven them away from his house, because he thought them too troublesome, heard of his neighbor’s good fortune, he was envious, and wanted to get riches in the same way. So he watched his opportunity and, when a sparrow came near, he threw a stick at the bird and broke its leg. Then he bound up the limb with clay and a bit of rag. He kept the poor sparrow until its leg was well, but dreadfully crooked, and then let it fly away.

In the capital of Sparrow Land, the poor bird told about the bad man’s doings. The Sparrow King at once handed out a seed to be given to the enemy of the sparrows. When the naughty man saw the little bird with the crooked legs, he ran out, got the seed and planted it at once. He could hardly wait for the gourd to ripen. Wonderful to relate, however, the vine was most luxurious, covering the whole side of the house and all the thatched roofs of the three dwellings in one, which made up his home. Finally in the autumn he plucked the fruit. Then, sitting down before the pile, with knife and saw, he began to open them.

But instead of good things, and lovely people, and the treasures that make men rich and happy, such as his kind neighbor had received, there came out, one after another, the twelve curses of Korea.

First leaped forth a party of rope dancers, who put out their hands and demanded money. They threatened to live with him and eat at his table unless they got their pay.

There was no help for it. So the cruel man had to give each dancer a long string of cash before he could get rid of the party.

No sooner had he opened the second gourd than out stepped a line of Buddhist priests, who at once began begging for the temples. He was only too glad to buy off these shaven pates.

The saw had no sooner let the light into another gourd, than forth came a band of hired mourners carrying a corpse. They began weeping, wailing and crying out loud enough to waken the dead. It required another rope of cash to get rid of these pests. By this time the cruel man was beginning to feel very poor.

Almost afraid to touch the other gourds, but still greedily hoping for riches, he sawed them open; but one after the other yielded only what took his money and threatened to make him a beggar. From the fourth gourd issued a bevy of dancing girls, who refused to leave the house until he had paid them five thousand cash. From another gourd a pair of acrobats leaped out and began a performance. But knowing that they would charge the more for their tricks, if they were allowed to finish their program, the man bought them off as he had done the others.

Getting poorer and poorer, with no sign of wealth coming from the gourds, he yet felt he must open more, but the result was the same. The strangest people, men and women, such as loafers from the government offices, fortune-tellers, jugglers, and blind folks appeared. These last had sticks in their hands to find the way, and bells at their belts to collect alms. Finally, of all living things, a giant stood forth, that threatened to eat up both the man and his wife.

By this time there was not a coin or a cash left, and, besides being as poor as a rat, the man was hungry. When the twelfth gourd was opened it seemed to have in it all the smells of Korea. Holding their noses, the man and his wife ran out of their house. Happily for them that they did so, for just then a gale of wind blew down the house, and the thatch and timbers burst into flames from the fire that had heated the flues.

Thus stripped of all their possessions, because of the man’s cruelty to the birds, the wicked fellow and his wife would have starved, except for the kindness of the good man who treated the sparrows kindly. For the rest of their days the old couple lived on their neighbor’s charity.


Story DNA

Moral

Kindness is rewarded, while cruelty and greed lead to ruin and misfortune.

Plot Summary

A kind Korean man saves and heals a young sparrow, which then reports his good deed to the King of Sparrows. As a reward, the man receives a magical seed that grows into a gourd filled with immense riches. An envious, wicked neighbor, seeking the same fortune, deliberately injures a sparrow and 'heals' it poorly. This sparrow reports his cruelty to the King, who gives him a seed that grows into a gourd filled with costly curses and misfortunes. The wicked man loses everything and is left destitute, forced to rely on the charity of his kind neighbor, illustrating that kindness is rewarded and cruelty punished.

Themes

kindness and compassiongreed and envykarma and justiceconsequences of actions

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person
Ending: moral justice
Magic: talking animals (sparrows, King of Sparrows), magical seed that produces riches, magical seed that produces curses/troubles, servants and animals appearing from a gourd
the magical seed/gourdthe sparrow with the healed legthe sparrow with the crooked leg

Cultural Context

Origin: Korean
Era: timeless fairy tale

Reflects traditional Korean village life, social structures, and common folk beliefs about karma and divine retribution.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. Sparrows build nests in Korean homes, facing dangers from snakes, sometimes aided by larger birds or humans.
  2. A young sparrow is saved from a snake by a brave bird but breaks its leg in the fall.
  3. A kind house owner takes pity on the sparrow, heals its leg, feeds it, and releases it.
  4. The sparrow flies to the King of Sparrows and informs him of the kind man's good deed.
  5. The King of Sparrows and his counselors decide to reward the man and pack many treasures into a single seed.
  6. The sparrow delivers the magical seed to the kind man, who initially dismisses it as a joke.
  7. The man's wise wife convinces him to plant the seed, which grows into a magnificent gourd vine.
  8. Upon opening the ripe gourd, the man and his wife discover an abundance of riches, servants, and animals, transforming their lives.
  9. A wicked, envious neighbor, hearing of the good fortune, deliberately injures a sparrow and 'heals' it poorly to get a magical seed.
  10. The injured sparrow reports the wicked man's cruelty to the King of Sparrows, who gives it a seed for the man.
  11. The wicked man plants his seed, which also grows into a luxurious gourd vine.
  12. Upon opening his gourds, the wicked man unleashes a series of costly and troublesome 'curses' – dancers, priests, mourners, acrobats, and other demanding people.
  13. The wicked man loses all his money trying to pay off the curses, and his house is destroyed by a gale and fire.
  14. Impoverished and homeless, the wicked man and his wife are forced to live on the charity of their kind neighbor.

Characters

👤

The Good Man

human adult male

A man of average height and build, with a gentle demeanor. His hands are likely calloused from work but move with care when tending to the sparrow. His face shows the lines of a life lived in humble circumstances.

Attire: Simple, practical Korean peasant attire: a light-colored, loose-fitting cotton or hemp 'jeogori' (jacket) over a 'baji' (trousers), possibly in muted earth tones like brown, grey, or undyed fabric. He might wear a 'gat' (traditional Korean hat) when outdoors, though not explicitly mentioned.

Wants: To live a peaceful life, to show kindness to living creatures, and to provide for his wife.

Flaw: Initially naive about the sparrow's gift, almost discarding it as 'sparrow fun'.

Transforms from a humble, kind man into a wealthy and comfortable individual, living like a king, without losing his inherent goodness.

His gentle hands carefully cradling a small bird.

Kind, compassionate, humble, observant, trusting.

👤

The Good Wife

human adult female

A woman of modest stature, with a practical and thoughtful demeanor. Her hands are accustomed to household tasks. Her face reflects wisdom and patience.

Attire: Traditional Korean women's attire: a 'chima' (long, full skirt) in a muted color like deep blue or green, paired with a 'jeogori' (short jacket) in a contrasting but equally modest color, made of cotton or hemp. Her clothing is clean and well-maintained.

Wants: To ensure the well-being and prosperity of her household and husband.

Flaw: None explicitly shown; she acts as a counterbalance to her husband's initial naivety.

Remains consistent in her wisdom and practicality, guiding her husband to their good fortune and enjoying the newfound prosperity.

Her calm, knowing expression as she advises her husband to plant the seed.

Wise, practical, patient, observant, supportive.

✦

The Young Sparrow

animal (sparrow) child unknown

A small, fluffy bird, typical of a young sparrow, with soft brown and grey feathers. Its legs are slender and delicate, one of which becomes visibly crooked after its injury.

Attire: Natural sparrow plumage: mottled brown and grey feathers, with lighter underparts.

Wants: To survive, to express gratitude, to fulfill its duty to the King of Sparrows.

Flaw: Its small size and inexperience make it vulnerable to predators and accidents.

From a helpless victim to a grateful messenger, playing a crucial role in the fortunes of both men.

A small sparrow with one visibly crooked leg.

Vulnerable, grateful, loyal, communicative (through twittering).

✦

The King of the Sparrows

animal (sparrow) ageless non-human

A sparrow of majestic bearing, perhaps slightly larger or with more vibrant plumage than an ordinary sparrow, signifying its royal status. Its feathers are impeccably groomed.

Attire: Natural sparrow plumage, but perhaps with a subtle, regal shimmer or slightly richer coloration, suggesting its elevated status without being overtly human-like in attire.

Wants: To reward kindness and punish cruelty, maintaining balance and justice in Sparrow Land.

Flaw: None explicitly shown; acts as a benevolent ruler.

Remains consistent as a wise and just ruler, dispensing rewards and punishments.

A sparrow perched with an air of undeniable authority and wisdom.

Wise, just, generous, discerning, powerful.

👤

The Wicked Man

human adult male

A man of average height and build, but with a harsh and unpleasant countenance. His features are likely sharp or pinched, reflecting his cruel nature. He might appear somewhat disheveled due to his inner turmoil and eventual poverty.

Attire: Initially, similar to the good man, simple Korean peasant attire, but perhaps of poorer quality or less well-maintained, reflecting his character. Later, his clothes become ragged and dirty.

Wants: To gain wealth and status, driven by envy of his neighbor.

Flaw: His insatiable greed and cruelty, which lead to his downfall.

Transforms from an envious, cruel man into a destitute beggar, stripped of all possessions and forced to rely on charity.

His scowling, envious face as he watches his neighbor's good fortune.

Cruel, envious, greedy, impatient, selfish.

👤

The Wicked Wife

human adult female

A woman of modest stature, but with a worried or harried expression. Her features might be drawn with anxiety, reflecting her husband's poor decisions and their eventual poverty.

Attire: Similar to the good wife, traditional Korean women's attire, but likely of poorer quality, worn, and eventually ragged as their fortunes decline. Muted, drab colors.

Wants: To survive and avoid her husband's wrath, to gain wealth (initially).

Flaw: Her inability to influence her husband's cruel and greedy nature, leading to her shared downfall.

From a woman living in a humble home to a destitute beggar, sharing her husband's fate.

Her fearful expression as the curses emerge from the gourd.

Worried, complicit (through inaction), fearful, ultimately suffering.

Locations

Kind Man's Korean House

indoor Spring to late autumn, sunny, later a gale of wind

A traditional Korean house with a raised verandah, a curtain made of split bamboo hanging before it, and paper window-frames. The sunny sides of the house are covered with thick green leaves from melon, gourd, and mock orange vines, where sparrows build nests along the eaves and on the roof. The interior is humble but becomes transformed with jade tables, silk, and other treasures.

Mood: Initially humble and peaceful, later filled with warmth, generosity, and prosperity.

The young sparrow is rescued and healed here; the magic gourd is planted and opened here, bringing immense wealth.

split bamboo curtain paper window-frame vines (melon, gourd, mock orange) eaves thatched roof jade table silk rolls gourd vine covering the house

Sparrow Capital (King's Palace)

indoor Implied mild, stable weather suitable for a bird kingdom

The royal residence of the King of Sparrows, located within the city of Sparrow Capital. It contains a storehouse filled with beautiful treasures that human beings love, such as gold, jade, brocade, cups, saucers, and various other goods.

Mood: Regal, wise, and benevolent, with an air of ancient magic and abundance.

The King of Sparrows hears the story of the kind man and decides to reward him with a magic seed.

King's court wise counselors storehouse of treasures (gold, jade, brocade) magic seed

Wicked Man's Korean House

indoor Autumn, ending with a destructive gale of wind and fire.

A traditional Korean dwelling, initially similar to the kind man's but belonging to a cruel individual. It consists of three connected dwellings with thatched roofs, all covered by a luxuriant gourd vine. The interior is later filled with chaos and the 'twelve curses of Korea'.

Mood: Envious, greedy, and ultimately chaotic, desolate, and destructive.

The wicked man attempts to replicate his neighbor's fortune but instead unleashes a series of curses and loses everything.

three connected dwellings thatched roofs luxuriant gourd vine knife and saw rope dancers Buddhist priests hired mourners dancing girls acrobats loafers fortune-tellers jugglers blind folks giant smells of Korea