POWELL and HIS BRIDE
by William Elliot Griffis · from Welsh Fairy Tales
Adapted Version
Once upon a time, there was a king. His name was King Powell. He was a little bored.
King Powell was a king. He felt a little bored. He wanted fun. A special hill was near. People called it the Magic Hill. He decided to sit there. He hoped for new things.
King Powell sat on the hill. A lady came. She rode a white horse. Her clothes shone like gold. She was very pretty. King Powell sent his men. They rode fast. The lady rode faster. They could not catch her.
King Powell felt sad. He called out to her. "Please stop, lady!" he cried. The lady stopped. She was Princess Rhiannon. She loved King Powell. She had a problem. A bad man named Gwawl wanted her. She did not want to marry Gwawl.
King Powell loved Princess Rhiannon. They would marry. It would be in one year. He went to her home. A big feast waited.
All was happy. Then Gwawl came in. He was the bad man. King Powell spoke to him. King Powell made a promise. Gwawl wanted Rhiannon. Rhiannon was smart. She spoke to Gwawl. "Wait one year," she said. "Then we will marry." Gwawl agreed to wait.
Rhiannon had a plan. She gave Powell a bag. It was a special bag. "Use this bag," she told him. "Use it next year."
One year passed. Gwawl came again. A new feast was ready. Powell came too. He looked like a poor man. He had his special bag. He asked for food. "Please fill my bag," he said. "I am hungry."
People put food in. The bag did not fill. It was a magic bag. Powell said, "It will not fill. A rich man must step in. He must stamp it down."
Rhiannon spoke to Gwawl. "Go in the bag," she said. "Help fill it." Gwawl stepped inside. Powell closed the bag quickly.
Powell called his men. "Play a game!" he said. They played 'Badger in the Bag.' They rolled it. They shook it gently. Gwawl was inside. He looked very silly.
Gwawl wanted out. He made promises. "I will not marry Rhiannon," he said. "I will pay for the feast. I will never be mean again." Powell let him go.
Powell and Rhiannon married. They were very happy. They went to their home. Rhiannon was a good queen. She gave gifts to people. All loved them. They lived very happy ever after.
Original Story
POWELL AND HIS BRIDE
Not far from the castle where King Powell had his court, there was a hillock called the Mount of Macbeth. It was the common belief that some strange adventure would befall anyone who should sit upon that mound.
He would receive blows, or wounds, or else he would see something wonderful.
Thus it came to pass, that none but peaceful bards had ever sat upon the mound. Never a warrior or a common man had risked sitting there. The general fear felt, and the awe inspired by the place, was too great.
But after his adventure of being King of Fairy Land for a whole year, everything else to Powell seemed dull and commonplace. So, to test his own courage, and worthiness of kingship, Powell assembled all his lords at Narberth.
After the night's feasting, revelry and story telling, Powell declared that, next day, he would sit upon the enchanted mound.
So when the sun was fully risen, Powell took his seat upon the mound, expecting that, all of a sudden, something unusual would happen.
For some minutes nothing, whether event or vision, took place. Then he lifted up his eyes and saw approaching him a white horse on which rode a lady. She was dressed in shining garments, as if made of gold. Evidently she was a princess. Yet she came not very near.
"Does anyone among you know who this lady is?" asked Powell of his chieftains.
"Not one of us," was the answer.
Thereupon Powell ordered his vassals to ride forward. They were to greet her courteously, and inquire who she was.
But now the predicted wonder took place. She moved away from them, yet at a quiet pace that suited her. Though the knights spurred their horses, and rode fast and furiously, they could not come any nearer to her.
They galloped back, and reported their failure to reach the lady.
Then Powell picked out others and sent them riding after the lady, but each time, one and all returned, chagrined with failure. A woman had beaten them.
So the day closed with silence in the castle hall. There was no merry making or story telling that night.
The next day, Powell sat again on the mound and once more the golden lady came near.
This time, Powell himself left his seat on the mound, leaped on his fleetest horse, and pursued the maiden, robed in gold, on the white horse.
But she flitted away, as she had done before from the knights. Again and again, though he could get nearer and nearer to her, he failed.
Then the baffled king cried out, in despair, "O maiden fair, for the sake of him whom thou lovest, stay for me."
Evidently the lady, who lived in the time of castles and courts, did not care to be wooed in the style of the cave men. Such manners did not suit her, but with a change of method of making love, her heart melted. Besides, she was a kind woman. She took pity on horses, as well as on men.
Sweet was her voice, as she answered most graciously:
"I will stay gladly, and it were better for thy horses, hadst thou asked me properly, long ago."
To his questions, as to how and why she came to him, she told her story, as follows:
"I am Rhiannon, descended from the August and Venerable One of old. My aunts and uncles tried to make me marry against my will a chieftain named Gwawl, an auburn-haired youth, son of Clud, but, because of my love to thee, would I have no husband, and if you reject me, I will never marry any man."
"As Heaven is my witness, were I to choose among all the damsels and ladies of the world, thee would I choose," cried Powell.
After that, it was agreed that, when a year had sped, Powell should go to the Palace of the August and Venerable One of old, and claim her for his bride.
So, when twelve months had passed, Powell with his retinue of a hundred knights, all splendidly horsed and finely appareled, presented himself before the castle. There he found his fair lady and a feast already prepared at which he sat with her. On the other side of the table, were her father and mother.
In the midst of this joyous occasion, when all was gayety, and they talked together, in strode a youth clad in sheeny satin. He was of noble bearing and had auburn hair. He saluted Powell and his knights courteously.
At once Powell, the lord of Narberth, invited the stranger to come and sit down as guest beside him.
"Not so," replied the youth. "I am a suitor, and have come to crave a boon of thee."
Without guile or suspicion, Powell replied innocently.
"Ask what you will. If in my power, it shall be yours."
But Rhiannon chided Powell. She asked, "Oh, why did you give him such an answer?"
"But he did give it," cried the auburn haired youth. Then turning to the whole company of nobles, he appealed to them:
"Did he not pledge his word, before you all, to give me what I asked?"
Then, turning to Powell, he said:
"The boon I ask is this, to have thy bride, Rhiannon. Further, I want this feast and banquet to celebrate, in this place, our wedding."
At this demand, Powell seemed to have been struck dumb. He did not speak, but Rhiannon did.
"Be silent, as long as thou wilt," she cried, "but surely no man ever made worse use of his wits than thou hast done; for this man, to whom thou gavest thy oath of promise, is none other than Gwawl, the son of Clud. He is the suitor, from whom I fled to come to you, while you sat on the Narberth mound."
Now, out of such trouble, how should the maiden, promised to two men, be delivered?
Her wit saved her for the nonce. Powell was bound to keep his word; but Rhiannon explained to Gwawl, that it was not his castle or hall. So, he could not give the banquet; but, in a year from that date, if Gwawl would come for her, she would be his bride. Then, a new bridal feast would be set for the wedding.
In the meantime, Rhiannon planned with Powell to get out of the trouble. For this purpose, she gave him a magical bag, which he was to use when the right time should come.
Quickly the twelve months passed and then Gwawl appeared again, to claim his bride, and a great feast was spread in his honor.
All were having a good time, when in the midst of their merriment, a beggar appeared in the hall. He was in rags, and carried the usual beggar's wallet for food or alms. He asked only that, out of the abundance on the table, his bag might be filled.
Gwawl agreed, and ordered his servants to attend to the matter.
But the bag never got full. What they put into it, or how much made no difference. Dish after dish was emptied. By degrees, most of the food on the table was in the beggar's bag.
"My soul alive! Will that bag never get full?" asked Gwawl.
"No, by Heaven! Not unless some rich man shall get into it, stamp it down with his feet, and call out 'enough.'"
Then Rhiannon, who sat beside Gwawl, urged him to attempt the task, by putting his two feet in the bag to stamp it down.
No sooner had Gwawl done this, than the supposed beggar pushed him down inside the bag. Then drawing the mouth shut, he tied it tight over Gwawl's head.
Then the beggar's rags dropped, and there stood forth the handsome leader, Powell. He blew his horn, and in rushed his knights who overcame and bound the followers of Gwawl.
Then they proceeded to play a merry game of football, using the bag, in which Gwawl was tied, as men in our day kick pigskin. One called to his mate, or rival, "What's in the bag?" and others answered, "a badger." So they played the game of "Badger in the Bag," kicking it around the hall.
They did not let the prisoner out of the bag, until he had promised to pay the pipers, the harpers, and the singers, who should come to the wedding of Powell and Rhiannon. He must give up all his claims, and register a vow never to take revenge. This oath given, and promises made, the bag was opened and the agreements solemnly confirmed in presence of all.
Then Gwawl, and every one of his men, knights and servants, were let go, and they went back to their own country.
A few evenings later, in the large banqueting hall, Powell and Rhiannon were married. Besides the great feast, presents were given to all present, high and low. Then the happy pair made their wedding journey to Gwawl's palace at Narberth. There the lovely bride gave a ring, or a gem, to every lord and lady in her new realm, and everybody was happy.
Story DNA
Moral
Promises, once given, must be honored, but wit and cleverness can find a way to uphold them while achieving justice.
Plot Summary
King Powell, seeking adventure, encounters the elusive Rhiannon, a beautiful lady who eventually reveals her love for him and her flight from an unwanted suitor, Gwawl. At their wedding feast, Powell unknowingly pledges a boon to Gwawl, who demands Rhiannon. Rhiannon cleverly postpones the wedding for a year and devises a plan involving a magical, bottomless bag. At the second feast, Powell, disguised as a beggar, tricks Gwawl into entering the bag, where he is trapped and humiliated until he renounces his claim and swears off revenge, allowing Powell and Rhiannon to finally marry.
Themes
Emotional Arc
curiosity to frustration to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story is part of the Mabinogion, a collection of medieval Welsh tales, reflecting Celtic mythology and social structures of the time.
Plot Beats (13)
- King Powell, bored with ordinary life, decides to sit on the enchanted Mount of Macbeth to seek adventure.
- A beautiful lady on a white horse appears but consistently evades Powell's knights and then Powell himself, despite his best efforts.
- Powell, in despair, cries out to the lady, Rhiannon, who finally stops and reveals her identity and her love for him, having fled an unwanted suitor, Gwawl.
- Powell and Rhiannon agree to marry in a year, and Powell travels to her father's castle for the wedding feast.
- During the feast, Gwawl, Rhiannon's spurned suitor, arrives and, using a promise Powell innocently made, demands Rhiannon as his bride and the feast for their wedding.
- Rhiannon, quick-witted, postpones the wedding for a year, giving herself and Powell time to devise a plan to escape the predicament.
- Rhiannon gives Powell a magical bag and instructions for its use at the next wedding feast.
- A year later, Gwawl returns for the wedding, and Powell, disguised as a beggar, appears, asking for his magical bag to be filled with food.
- The bag proves to be bottomless, and Powell claims it will only be full if a rich man steps inside and stamps it down.
- Gwawl, urged by Rhiannon, steps into the bag, whereupon Powell traps him inside and calls his knights.
- Powell's knights play a game of 'Badger in the Bag' with Gwawl, kicking him around the hall.
- Gwawl is released only after promising to give up all claims to Rhiannon, pay for the wedding festivities, and swear never to seek revenge.
- Powell and Rhiannon are married in a grand ceremony and travel to Narberth, where Rhiannon bestows gifts upon her new subjects.
Characters
King Powell
A man of noble bearing, strong and capable, with a presence befitting a king. He is handsome and appears to be in his prime, capable of riding swiftly and engaging in physical feats.
Attire: Initially, he wears the attire of a king, likely rich tunics, cloaks, and perhaps a circlet or crown. When pursuing Rhiannon, he would be in riding attire, such as a fitted tunic, breeches, and sturdy boots. Later, at his wedding, he would wear splendidly appareled court clothing, possibly embroidered with gold or silver thread, indicative of his status. When disguised as a beggar, he wears tattered, dirty rags that completely obscure his true identity.
Wants: To test his courage, find a worthy queen, and uphold his word as a king.
Flaw: His naivety and tendency to make rash promises without considering the consequences, as seen when he grants Gwawl's boon without question.
He learns the importance of caution and wisdom in making promises, relying on Rhiannon's intelligence to navigate difficult situations. He transforms from a somewhat naive king to a more discerning and wise ruler, guided by his bride.
Courageous, adventurous, honorable, somewhat naive, and quick to make promises. He is driven by a desire to prove his worth and seeks adventure.
Rhiannon
A lady of striking beauty and grace, described as a princess. She is slender and moves with an ethereal quality, even on horseback.
Attire: Initially, she wears shining garments that appear to be made of gold, suggesting a rich, flowing gown of silk or brocade, possibly in a pale gold or cream color, reflecting light. Later, at her wedding, she would wear equally splendid attire, perhaps a traditional Welsh gown of fine linen or wool, richly embroidered, with a matching headpiece or veil. Her clothing is always elegant and refined.
Wants: To marry Powell, whom she loves, and to escape an unwanted marriage to Gwawl. To ensure justice and uphold her commitments.
Flaw: Her initial commitment to Powell puts her in a difficult position when he makes a rash promise.
She remains steadfast in her love and commitment to Powell, using her intelligence to save him from his own folly and secure their marriage. She becomes a wise and beloved queen, bringing prosperity to her new realm.
Intelligent, witty, kind, resourceful, and loyal. She is not easily swayed and possesses a strong will, but also shows compassion.
Gwawl
A youth of noble bearing, described as auburn-haired. He is likely of average height and build, presenting himself as a courteous suitor.
Attire: He is clad in 'sheeny satin,' suggesting luxurious, smooth fabric, likely in a rich color such as crimson, emerald, or deep purple, indicative of his noble status. His attire would be tailored and fashionable for the period, perhaps with some subtle embroidery.
Wants: To claim Rhiannon as his bride and to assert his rights as a suitor, even if it means exploiting Powell's word.
Flaw: His arrogance and lack of foresight, which makes him susceptible to Rhiannon's trickery. He is easily manipulated by flattery and the promise of a simple solution.
He begins as a confident suitor, is outsmarted and humiliated by Rhiannon and Powell, and is forced to relinquish his claims and vow never to seek revenge. He leaves the story defeated and shamed.
Entitled, persistent, somewhat gullible, and ultimately outsmarted. He is driven by a desire for what he believes is his due.
The White Horse (Rhiannon's)
A magnificent white horse, swift and graceful, capable of maintaining a steady pace that outstrips pursuing knights without appearing to exert itself fully.
Attire: Adorned with a simple but elegant bridle and saddle, possibly with some silver or gold accents, but nothing ostentatious.
Wants: To carry Rhiannon and aid in her escape from unwanted suitors, and later to bring her to Powell.
Flaw: None apparent, it is a perfect steed.
Remains a consistent, reliable companion to Rhiannon.
Loyal, swift, and seemingly imbued with a touch of magic, as it effortlessly evades pursuers.
Locations
Mount of Macbeth (Narberth)
A prominent hillock near King Powell's castle at Narberth, known for its strange enchantments. The ground is likely grassy or rocky, exposed to the elements.
Mood: mysterious, expectant, slightly eerie
King Powell sits on the mound to test his courage and first encounters Rhiannon, who appears on a white horse.
Palace of the August and Venerable One (Rhiannon's Home)
A grand, ancient Welsh castle or hall, likely built of stone with timber elements, where Rhiannon's family resides. It features a large banqueting hall suitable for feasts and gatherings.
Mood: festive, grand, initially joyous, then tense
Powell comes to claim Rhiannon as his bride, but Gwawl interrupts the feast to claim his boon, leading to a tense confrontation and Rhiannon's clever plan.
Narberth Castle (Powell's Palace)
King Powell's own castle, specifically its large banqueting hall, where the 'Badger in the Bag' game is played and the wedding takes place. It is a place of power and celebration.
Mood: triumphant, joyous, celebratory
The 'Badger in the Bag' trick is executed, Gwawl is defeated, and Powell and Rhiannon are finally married in a grand celebration.