THE BOY THAT WAS NAMED TROUBLE

by William Elliot Griffis · from Welsh Fairy Tales

fairy tale transformation hopeful Ages 8-14 1132 words 5 min read
Cover: THE BOY THAT WAS NAMED TROUBLE

Adapted Version

CEFR A1 Age 5 404 words 2 min Canon 100/100

Once, in a green land, lived Farmer John. He had a nice mare. He loved his mare. Each year, she had a baby colt. The colt always was gone. Farmer John was sad. He loved the colts.

Farmer John wanted to save the colt. He stood in the stable. He waited all night. The mare had a new colt. A dark shadow came. A hand reached for the colt. Farmer John scared it. He ran outside. He found a baby boy. The baby had golden hair.

Farmer John took the baby inside. His Farmer's Wife was happy. They loved the baby boy. They named him Golden Boy. Golden Boy grew very fast. He was strong. He played with the colt. They were good friends.

Far away, Queen Rhiannon was sad. Her baby was gone. People thought she did a bad thing. This was not true. Bad people told lies. Queen Rhiannon had a sad job. She had to carry people. She looked very sad.

Farmer John watched Golden Boy. He saw his golden hair. He heard about Queen Rhiannon. Farmer John thought. "Is this her son?" he thought. He felt it in his heart.

One day, Farmer John went to a castle. Golden Boy rode his colt. They saw Queen Rhiannon. She sat by the gate. She looked very sad. She had to carry people. This made Farmer John sad.

King Powell had a big dinner. Farmer John told his story. He told about the mare. He told about the hand. He told about finding Golden Boy.

Farmer John showed Golden Boy to her. Queen Rhiannon looked at him. She saw his golden hair. She knew him. "My baby!" she cried. She was so happy. Her heart was full.

All people saw the boy. He was the Queen's son. He was the lost prince. All people were happy. The truth was clear.

Wise people told the truth. Bad fairies did this. They took the baby. They made people think bad things. The fairies were very tricky. But now the truth was out.

Queen Rhiannon was not sad now. She was happy and free. Farmer John helped make things right. He got no gifts. He was happy to help. This was his reward.

Golden Boy grew up. He learned many things. He was a good prince. He became a good king. He ruled the land well. He was kind and fair. All people were happy.

Original Story 1132 words · 5 min read

THE BOY THAT WAS NAMED TROUBLE

In one of the many "Co-eds," or places with this name, in ancient and forest-covered Wales, there was a man who had one of the most beautiful mares in all the world. Yet great misfortunes befell both this Co-ed mare and her owner.

Every night, on the first of May, the mare gave birth to a pretty little colt. Yet no one ever saw, or could ever tell what became of any one, or all of the colts. Each and all, and one by one, they disappeared. Nobody knew where they were, or went, or what had become of them.

At last, the owner, who had no children, and loved little horses, determined not to lose another. He girded on his sword, and with his trusty spear, stood guard all night in the stable to catch the mortal robber, as he supposed he must be.

When on this same night of May first, the mare foaled again, and the colt stood up on its long legs, the man greatly admired the young creature. It looked already, as if it could, with its own legs, run away and escape from any wolf that should chase it, hoping to eat it up.

But at this moment, a great noise was heard outside the stable. The next moment a long arm, with a claw at the end of it, was poked through the window-hole, to seize the colt.

Instantly the man drew his sword and with one blow, the claw part of the arm was cut off, and it dropped inside, with the colt.

Hearing a great cry and tumult outside, the owner of the mare rushed forth into the darkness. But though he heard howls of pain, he could see nothing, so he returned.

There, at the door, he found a baby, with hair as yellow as gold, smiling at him. Besides its swaddling clothes, it was wrapped up in flame-colored satin.

As it was still night, the man took the infant to his bed and laid it alongside of his wife, who was asleep.

Now this good woman loved children, though she had none of her own, and so when she woke up in the morning, and saw what was beside her, she was very happy. Then she resolved to pretend that it was her own.

So she told her women, that she had borne the child, and they called him Gwri of the Golden Hair.

The boy baby grew up fast, and when only two years old, was as strong as most children are at six.

Soon he was able to ride the colt that had been born on the May night, and the two were as playmates together.

Now it chanced, the man had heard the tale of Queen Rhiannon, wife of Powell, Prince of Dyfed. She had become the mother of a baby boy, but it was stolen from her at night.

The six serving women, whose duty it was to attend to the Queen, and guard her child, were lazy and had neglected their duty. They were asleep when the baby was stolen away. To excuse themselves and be saved from punishment, they invented a lying story. They declared that Rhiannon had devoured the child, her own baby.

The wise men of the Court believed the story which the six wicked women had told, and Rhiannon, the Queen, though innocent, was condemned to do penance. She was to serve as a porter to carry visitors and their baggage from out doors into the castle.

Every day, for many months, through the hours of daylight, she stood in public disgrace in front of the castle of Narberth, at the stone block, on which riders on horses dismounted from the saddle. When anyone got off at the gate, she had to carry him or her on her back into the hall.

As the boy grew up, his foster father scanned his features closely, and it was not long before he made up his mind that Powell was his father and Rhiannon was his mother.

One day, with the boy riding on his colt, and with two knights keeping him company, the owner of the Co-ed mare came near the castle of Narberth.

There they saw the beautiful Rhiannon sitting on the horse block at the gate.

When they were about to dismount from their horses, the lovely woman spoke to them thus:

"Chieftains, go no further thus. I will carry everyone of you on my back, into the palace."

Seeing their looks of astonishment, she explained:

"This is my penance for the charge brought against me of slaying my son and devouring him."

One and all the four refused to be carried and went into the castle on their own feet. There Powell, the prince, welcomed them and made a feast in their honor. It being night, Rhiannon sat beside him.

After dinner when the time for story telling had come, the chief guest told the tale of his mare and the colt, and how he cut the clawed hand, and then found the boy on the doorstep.

Then to the joy and surprise of all, the owner of the Co-ed mare, putting the golden-haired boy before Rhiannon, cried out:

"Behold lady, here is thy son, and whoever they were who told the story and lied about your devouring your own child, have done you a grievous wrong."

Everyone at the table looked at the boy, and all recognized the lad at once as the child of Powell and Rhiannon.

"Here ends my trouble (pryderi)," cried out Rhiannon.

Thereupon one of the chiefs said:

"Well hast thou named thy child 'Trouble,'" and henceforth Pryderi was his name.

Soon it was made known, by the vision and word of the bards and seers, that all the mischief had been wrought by wicked fairies, and that the six serving women had been under their spell, when they lied about the Queen. Powell, the castle-lord, was so happy that he offered the man of Co-ed rich gifts of horses, jewels and dogs.

But this good man felt repaid in delivering a pure woman and loving mother from undeserved shame and disgrace, by wisdom and honesty according to common duty.

As for Pryderi, he was educated as a king's son ought to be, in all gentle arts and was trained in all manly exercises.

After his father died, Pryderi became ruler of the realm. He married Kieva the daughter of a powerful chieftain, who had a pedigree as long as the bridle used to drive a ten-horse chariot. It reached back to Prince Casnar of Britain.

Pryderi had many adventures, which are told in the Mabinogian, which is the great storehouse of Welsh hero, wonder, and fairy tales.


Story DNA

Moral

Truth and honesty will eventually prevail over lies and injustice, bringing about rightful restoration.

Plot Summary

A Welsh man's mare mysteriously loses her colts every May Day. One year, he guards the stable, cuts off a clawed arm trying to steal the new colt, and finds a baby boy, Gwri, whom he adopts. Meanwhile, Queen Rhiannon is falsely accused of devouring her son and endures public penance. The man, suspecting Gwri is Rhiannon's lost son, brings him to the castle. At a feast, he reveals Gwri's true identity, freeing Rhiannon from her suffering. The boy is named Pryderi ('Trouble'), the truth about wicked fairies is revealed, and Pryderi grows up to rule justly.

Themes

justicetruthparental loveperseverance

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs supernatural
Ending: moral justice
Magic: disappearing colts, clawed arm of a supernatural being, wicked fairies, spells/enchantment
the golden-haired boy (Pryderi)the mare and her colts (symbolizing fertility and loss)the clawed arm (supernatural interference)

Cultural Context

Origin: Welsh
Era: timeless fairy tale

This story is a retelling of a portion of the 'Mabinogion,' specifically the tale of Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed, and Rhiannon, and the birth of their son Pryderi. The 'clawed arm' is a common motif in folklore for supernatural theft.

Plot Beats (12)

  1. A Welsh man's mare mysteriously loses a colt every May Day.
  2. The man guards the stable, cuts off a clawed arm trying to steal the new colt, and finds a baby boy outside.
  3. The man and his wife adopt the baby, naming him Gwri of the Golden Hair, and he quickly grows strong, befriending the colt.
  4. Queen Rhiannon is falsely accused by her lazy serving women of devouring her newborn son and is condemned to public penance as a porter.
  5. The mare's owner, observing Gwri, suspects he is Rhiannon's lost son.
  6. The man, Gwri, and two knights visit Narberth Castle and witness Rhiannon's humiliating penance.
  7. At a feast, the man recounts his story of finding Gwri.
  8. The man presents Gwri to Rhiannon, who joyfully recognizes him as her son, exclaiming, "Here ends my trouble!"
  9. The boy is named Pryderi (Trouble), confirming his identity.
  10. Bards and seers reveal that wicked fairies caused the mischief and enchanted the serving women.
  11. Rhiannon is cleared of all charges, and the mare's owner is offered gifts but finds satisfaction in restoring justice.
  12. Pryderi is educated as a prince, eventually succeeding his father as ruler and marrying Kieva.

Characters

👤

The Owner of the Co-ed Mare

human adult male

A man of sturdy build, likely weathered from outdoor life in ancient Wales, with a determined and watchful demeanor. His exact height and specific features are not detailed, but he possesses the strength and resolve to confront a supernatural threat.

Attire: Practical, durable clothing suitable for a man living in ancient, forest-covered Wales. He would likely wear a tunic of wool or linen, possibly breeches, and a sturdy cloak. When guarding, he girds on a sword and carries a spear, suggesting a warrior or nobleman's attire for defense, but his daily wear would be simpler.

Wants: Initially, to protect his valuable mare and her colts from whatever was stealing them. Later, to right a wrong and restore a pure woman's honor.

Flaw: None explicitly stated, but his initial ignorance of the supernatural nature of the thief could be considered a vulnerability.

He transforms from a man solely focused on protecting his property to a pivotal figure who uncovers a great injustice and restores a queen's honor, finding a foster son in the process.

A determined Welsh man, sword in hand, standing guard over a stable.

Determined, loving (towards his mare and later the child), honest, wise, brave, and dutiful.

👤

Gwri of the Golden Hair / Pryderi

human child (initially) | young adult (later) male

As an infant, he was a baby with hair as yellow as gold. He grew up fast, and at two years old was as strong as a six-year-old. As a young man, he is described as a lad, implying a youthful, strong build, consistent with being educated as a king's son and trained in manly exercises.

Attire: As an infant, wrapped in swaddling clothes and flame-colored satin. As a boy, he would wear practical, sturdy clothing for riding. As a prince, he would wear fine Welsh attire, likely tunics of rich fabrics, possibly embroidered, and a cloak, suitable for a royal heir.

Wants: To grow, learn, and eventually fulfill his destiny as a ruler.

Flaw: None explicitly stated in this story, but his early abduction highlights his vulnerability as an infant.

From a stolen infant to a foster child, then reunited with his royal parents, and finally becoming a wise and strong ruler of his realm, fulfilling his destiny.

A young boy with striking golden hair, riding a swift colt.

Strong, active, and destined for greatness. His early strength and connection to the colt suggest a spirited nature.

👤

The Owner's Wife

human adult female

A kind and loving woman, her physical appearance is not detailed, but she would likely have a gentle demeanor, reflecting her maternal nature.

Attire: Simple, practical Welsh peasant clothing of the era, likely a long linen or wool gown, possibly with an apron, in muted, natural colors.

Wants: To have and raise a child, fulfilling her maternal instincts.

Flaw: Her desire for a child leads her to a deception, though a benevolent one.

She gains a child she longed for and raises him with love, unknowingly fostering a future prince.

A kind Welsh woman cradling a golden-haired infant.

Loving, kind, maternal, and resourceful (in pretending the child was her own).

👤

Queen Rhiannon

human adult female

Described as 'beautiful' and 'lovely,' she possesses an inherent grace and dignity despite her penance. Her features would reflect her royal status and Welsh heritage.

Attire: During her penance, she would wear simple, perhaps coarse, clothing befitting a porter, but still carry herself with queenly grace. When reunited with Powell at the feast, she would wear royal Welsh attire, likely a flowing gown of fine fabric, possibly embroidered, with a noble cloak and subtle jewelry.

Wants: To endure her unjust penance with dignity, and to be reunited with her lost son.

Flaw: Vulnerable to the machinations of others (the serving women and fairies).

From a disgraced queen enduring unjust punishment to a joyous mother reunited with her long-lost son, her honor fully restored.

A beautiful Welsh queen, sitting with quiet dignity on a horse block, offering to carry visitors.

Innocent, dignified, enduring, loving (as a mother), and patient.

👤

Prince Powell

human adult male

As Prince of Dyfed, he would be a man of imposing presence, likely strong and regal, befitting a Welsh prince of the era.

Attire: Royal Welsh attire, likely a richly colored tunic of fine wool or silk, possibly with a cloak, and appropriate princely adornments. He would wear clothes befitting a lord of a castle.

Wants: To rule his realm, to find justice for his wife, and to celebrate the truth.

Flaw: Initially susceptible to the false testimony of the serving women.

He moves from a prince who allowed an injustice to occur (due to deception) to a joyous father and husband who celebrates the truth and rewards those who brought it to light.

A regal Welsh prince, presiding over a feast in his castle.

Welcoming, just (though initially misled), and ultimately joyful and generous.

🐾

The Co-ed Mare

animal adult female

One of the most beautiful mares in all the world. She would be sleek, well-muscled, and graceful, with a coat color that enhances her beauty, perhaps a striking white, black, or chestnut.

Attire: None, but perhaps a simple, well-maintained leather halter or bridle when handled.

Wants: To give birth to her colts.

Flaw: Vulnerable to the magical theft of her offspring.

Her story initiates the central conflict and leads to the discovery of Gwri/Pryderi.

A stunningly beautiful mare, standing protectively over a newborn colt.

Gentle, fertile, and a source of both pride and mystery.

🐾

The Colt

animal foal (initially) | young horse (later) male

A pretty little colt, standing on long legs, looking as if it could run away and escape a wolf. As it grows, it becomes a strong, swift horse, a fitting companion for a prince.

Attire: None, but later would have a bridle and saddle when ridden.

Wants: To run and play, and later to serve its rider.

Flaw: Vulnerable as a newborn.

From a vulnerable newborn to a loyal companion and mount for the future prince.

A lively young colt, standing on long legs, with a spirited demeanor.

Spirited and loyal (as a companion).

✦

The Wicked Fairies

magical creature ageless non-human

Not explicitly described, but implied to be malevolent and capable of powerful magic. Their true forms are unseen, but their influence is felt through the clawed arm and the spell on the serving women. They would likely be depicted as ethereal, shadowy, or subtly sinister figures if made visible.

Attire: Unseen, but would likely be flowing, dark, or ethereal garments that blend with the night or magical energy.

Wants: To cause mischief, sorrow, and perhaps to steal human children.

Flaw: Their magic can be thwarted by human intervention (the sword cut).

They are revealed as the true perpetrators of the mischief, but their direct actions are thwarted, and their spell is broken.

A long, clawed arm reaching out from the darkness.

Mischievous, cruel, deceptive, and powerful.

Locations

Co-ed Stable

indoor night Spring, early May, dark night

A simple, functional stable in ancient, forest-covered Wales, likely constructed from rough-hewn timber and stone, with a small window-hole for ventilation. The interior would be dim, smelling of hay and horses.

Mood: Tense, watchful, then chaotic and mysterious

The man guards his mare, cuts off a monstrous claw, and finds the baby Gwri.

mare's stall newborn colt window-hole man's sword and spear severed clawed arm

Co-ed Farmhouse Doorstep

transitional night Spring, early May, dark night

The entrance to a traditional Welsh farmhouse, likely a simple timber door set into a stone or wattle-and-daub wall, with a small, sheltered area just outside. The ground would be dirt or packed earth.

Mood: Mysterious, surprising, hopeful

The man discovers the golden-haired baby on his doorstep after the stable incident.

wooden farmhouse door baby wrapped in flame-colored satin swaddling clothes

Castle of Narberth Gate

outdoor daylight hours Varies, but generally clear for travel

The imposing main entrance to a medieval Welsh castle, likely built of rough-hewn grey stone, featuring a heavy gate and a prominent stone mounting block for riders. The area would be open, exposed to daylight.

Mood: Somber, public disgrace, then hopeful anticipation

Queen Rhiannon performs her penance, carrying visitors into the castle. Gwri and his foster father arrive.

heavy stone castle gate stone mounting block Queen Rhiannon visitors on horseback

Castle of Narberth Great Hall

indoor night Varies, but warm and sheltered indoors

A large, communal hall within a Welsh castle, likely featuring a high timber-beamed ceiling, stone walls adorned with tapestries, a central hearth, and long wooden tables for feasting. Torches or candles would provide light.

Mood: Festive, welcoming, then dramatic and revelatory

A feast is held, the story of Gwri's discovery is told, and his true identity as Rhiannon's son, Pryderi, is revealed.

long wooden feasting tables Prince Powell and Queen Rhiannon guests central hearth golden-haired boy