Asal Usul Aksara Jawa
by Balai Bahasa Surabaya

Ajisaka and His Two Friends
On a high mountain lived Ajisaka. He had two friends, Dora and Sembodo. They were very true. They lived as one in a small home.
A man came to see Ajisaka. He told him about a mean king. The king was not kind. The people were sad.
Ajisaka wanted to help. He went to the king. He would talk to him.
Ajisaka spoke to Sembodo. "Stay here," he said. "Guard our home. Guard my special spear. Do not give it to anyone. Only give it to me. Do you get it?"
"Yes," said Sembodo. "I will do as you say."
"Good," said Ajisaka. "Keep my words."
Ajisaka left with Dora. They walked down the mountain. Sembodo stayed at the home.
They walked for a long time. Then Ajisaka stopped. He needed his special spear. The king was strong. The spear would help.
"Dora," said Ajisaka. "Go back home. Ask Sembodo for my spear. Bring it to me. Do not come back without it."
"I will," said Dora. He went back.
Dora found Sembodo. "Ajisaka sent me," said Dora. "He needs his spear. Please give it to me."
"No," said Sembodo. "Ajisaka told me to guard it. I cannot give it to you."
"But he needs it," said Dora. "He told me to get it."
"I cannot," said Sembodo. "My order is to guard it."
They talked and talked. Both were true. Both followed their orders. They felt sad. They did not know what to do.
They argued more. They both felt hurt. They walked away. They were very sad.
Ajisaka waited for Dora. He waited a long time. Dora did not come. Ajisaka felt worried.
He went back home. He looked for his friends. He found Dora and Sembodo. They were sad and apart.
Ajisaka saw what happened. He felt sad. He had given two new orders. This was his mistake.
He sat down. He thought about his true friends. He wanted to keep them. He wanted to teach a lesson.
He made the first letters. He wrote them down. The letters told a story. The story was about his friends.
He said, "It is key to talk. It is key to listen. We must be clear. This can stop sad mistakes."
He kept Dora and Sembodo in his heart. He kept their true heart. The letters helped him keep them. They helped him teach others.
Original Story
Asal Usul Aksara Jawa ada zaman dahulu, di lereng Gunung Semeru ada sebuah padepokan atau pertapaan yang didiami oleh Ajisaka dengan dua orang pengikut setianya, yaitu Dora dan Sembodo. Mereka mengikuti tapa brata yang dilakukan oleh tuannya di Gua Widodaren. Suatu hari, selesai bertapa, Ajisaka didatangi oleh seorang prajurit dari kerajaan Medang Kamulan yang menceritakan kehidupan masyarakat di kerajaan tersebut. Ajisaka merasa resah dan bersalah mendengarkan penderitaan rakyat Medang Kamulan yang terancam dan teraniaya oleh rajanya yang memiliki kebiasaan menyantap dan meminum darah rakyatnya sendin. Satu per satu rakyat kerajaan Medang Kamulan dibawa ke istana untuk dijadikan santapan rajanya. Raja Medang Kamulan yang bernama Prabu Dewata Cengkar itu selalu meminta jatah manusia sehingga membuat rakyatnya ketakutan. Ajisaka tergerak untuk membantu warga Medang Kamulan sehingga ia turun dari pertapaan hendak menemui Prabu Dewata Cengkar. “Dora dan Sembodo, aku harus segera turun gunung untuk membantu rakyat Medang Kamulan membebaskan diri dari rajanya yang zalim," kata Ajisaka kepada kedua abdinya. "Bagaimana dengan hamba berdua, Tuan?” tanya Dora dan Sembodo hampir bersamaan. "Saya tidak mungkin mengajak kalian berdua karena harus ada yang menjaga padepokan ini,” kata Ajisaka. "Hamba menurut saja, Tuan,” kata Dora yang segera disambut anggukan kepala oleh Sembodo sebagai tanda setuju. “Baiklah, kalau begitu Dora ikut denganku, sedangkan kau....Sembodo tetap di padepokan untuk menjaga pusaka,” kata Ajisaka. Kemudian Ajisaka memberi petunjuk dan perintah, "Sembodo, tugasmu adalah menjaga padepokan dan senjata. Jangan sekali-sekali engkau meninggalkan padepokan ini dan jangan sekali-kali kau berikan pusaka ini kepada orang lain selain aku. Apakah kamu mengerti?” kata Ajisaka. ”Segala perintah Tuan, akan hamba laksanakan,” jawab Sembodo dengan sungguh- "Baiklah, kalau begitu. Jagalah dirimu baik-baik dan ingat-ingat pesanku," kata Ajisaka menekankan lagi. 'Ajisaka segera meninggalkan padepokan diiringi oleh Dora di belakangnya. Mereka menempuh perjalanan yang cukup berat melewati hutan belantara. Sesekali Dora maju mendahului tuannya untuk membuat jalan dengan cara membabat belukar atau menyingkirkan pohon yang tumbang. Mereka hanya berhenti jika sudah sangat lelah mengingat penderitaan rakyat Medang Kamulan. Di tengah perjalanan, Ajisaka berhenti karena menyadari seharusnya ia membawa pusakanya karena pusaka itu akan sangat membantunya untuk menghadapi kesaktian Prabu 29 Dewata Cengkar. Oleh karena itu, Ajisaka menyuruh Dora untuk kembali ke Gua Widodaren dan meminta pusakanya yang berupa tombak Kiai Konang pada Sembodo. "Dora, seharusnya aku membawa pusakaku. Prabu Dewata Cengkar tentulah raja yang sakti. Pusaka itu akan memudahkanku mengalahkannya,” kata Ajisaka tiba-tiba menghentikan langkahnya. ”Apakah hamba harus kembali ke padepokan?" tanya Dora ikut berhenti. "Ya, kau, kembalilah ke padepokan dan mintalah pusaka itu pada Sembodo. Ingat, jangan sekali-kali kau kembali ke sini sebelum membawa pusaka itu," kata Ajisaka. “Baiklah, hamba berjanji,” kata Dora sambil mohon diri. Dora segera berangkat kembali ke Gua Widodaren dengan tujuan utama membawa tombak Kiai Konang sesuai dengan pesan Ajisaka. Perjalanan pulang itu cukup lancar karena jalan penuh belukar sudah terbuka. Oleh karena itu, setelah beberapa hari Dora sampai di padepokan. Kedatangannya disambut heran oleh Sembodo yang masih setia menunggu pertapaan dan pusaka tombak Kiai Konang. Karena lama tidak bertemu, mereka pun terlibat obrolan sebagai pelepas rindu sampai akhirnya pembicaraan terfokus pada maksud kembalinya Dora ke pertapaan, yaitu menjalankan perintah Ajisaka untuk mengambil pusaka Kiai Konang. "Aku kembali karena junjungan kita Ajisaka menyuruhku mengambil tombak pusaka Kiai Konang darimu,” kata Dora dengan percaya diri. "Apa katamu? Tidak bisa. Aku diperintah untuk menjaga tombak ini dan tidak memberikannya kepada siapa pun,” jawab Sembodo tidak kalah percaya diri. ”Tapi, junjungan kita sangat membutuhkan tombak itu untuk melawan Dewata Cengkar. Aku tidak boleh kembali tanpa pusaka itu," kata Dora dengan nada tinggi. "Aku tidak bisa, Aku sudah berjanji akan menjaga tombak ini,” kata Sembodo tidak kalah tinggi nadanya. ”Aku juga sudah berjanji akan segera membawa tombak ini. Kamu harus menyerahkan tombak Kiai Konang. Ini perintah,” kata Dora semakin emosi. “Jangan harap kau bisa mengambilnya dariku. Kalau aku menyerahkannya padamu, berarti aku tidak setia pada junjunganku," kata Sembodo kukuh pada pendiriannya. Perang mulut tidak dapat dihindari karena keduanya sama-sama ngotot mempertahankan perintah Ajisaka. Karena perdebatan mulut tidak membuahkan hasil, keduanya kemudian terlibat dalam perang tanding. Perang tanding berjalan lama karena keduanya berasal dari guru yang sama sehingga saling memahami kekuatan dan kelemahannya. Mereka berdua: akhirnya meninggal dalam perkelahian itu. Tubuh keduanya tergeletak di dalam Gua Widodaren. Sementara itu, Ajisaka gelisah menunggu Dora karena sudah lama tidak kembali. Menurut perhitungan Ajisaka, seharusnya Dora sudah sampai di tempatnya menunggu. Karena gelisah dan takut terjadi apa-apa dengan punakawannya, Ajisaka akhirnya kembali ke pertapaan. Alangkah terkejutnya Ajisaka setibanya di padepokan menyaksikan padepokannya berantakan seperti telah terjadi pertempuran hebat. Ajisaka semakin cemas karena kedua punakawannya tidak tampak. Ia berkeliling pertapaan sambil memanggil-manggil nama Dora dan Sembodo secara bergantian, tetapi tetap tidak ada sahutan. Ajisaka bergegas masuk ke dalam Gua Widodaren. la berdiri terpaku saat menemukan mayat kediia punakawannya tergeletak di lantai. Ajisaka teringat pesannya pada kedua punakawan itu, yaitu pesan yang berbeda yang membuat keduanya bertengkar. 30 Ajisaka merasa sangat bersalah. Ia duduk termenung memandangi mayat dua punakawannya yang sangat setia itu. Ia menyadari dan menyesali diri bahwa kematian dua punakawannya itu adalah kesalahannya karena telah memberi perintah dan pesan yang bertentangan. Untuk mengabadikan kesetiaan kedua punakawannya, Ajisaka menciptakan aksara Jawa yang mengisahkan peristiwa tersebut. Hanacaraka rana utusan (ada utusan) Data sa wa la : pada perang tanding (saling berkelahi) Pa dha ja ya nya : padha-padha sektine (sama-sama saktinya) Ma ga ba tha nga :padha dadi bathange (sama-sama gugur) 31
Moral of the Story
Miscommunication and rigid adherence to conflicting instructions can lead to tragic and unintended consequences.
Characters
Ajisaka ★ protagonist
Implied to be a spiritual leader/hermit, likely lean from asceticism.
Attire: Simple, traditional ascetic robes, appropriate for a hermit in ancient Java.
Wise, compassionate, responsible, but can be prone to oversight.
Dora ◆ supporting
Implied to be strong and capable, as he clears paths in the jungle.
Attire: Simple, practical clothing suitable for a loyal attendant and traveler in ancient Java.
Loyal, obedient, determined, but also stubborn.
Sembodo ◆ supporting
Implied to be strong and capable, as he guards the hermitage and a powerful weapon.
Attire: Simple, practical clothing suitable for a loyal attendant and guard in ancient Java.
Loyal, steadfast, obedient, but also stubborn.
Prabu Dewata Cengkar ⚔ antagonist
A powerful king, implied to be fearsome and possibly monstrous due to his habits.
Attire: Royal attire, possibly opulent but with a dark or menacing undertone, befitting a tyrannical king.
Cruel, tyrannical, bloodthirsty, powerful.
Locations

Padepokan (Hermitage) on Mount Semeru
A hermitage or retreat located on the slopes of Mount Semeru, where Ajisaka, Dora, and Sembodo reside. It includes or is very near the Gua Widodaren.
Mood: peaceful, spiritual, later desolate and chaotic
Ajisaka lives here, gives instructions to Dora and Sembodo, and later returns to find it in disarray and his followers dead.

Gua Widodaren (Widodaren Cave)
A cave within or very near the padepokan where Ajisaka performs meditation (tapa brata). It is also where the pusaka (heirloom weapon) is kept.
Mood: sacred, later tragic and solemn
Ajisaka meditates here. Dora and Sembodo fight and die here over the pusaka. Ajisaka finds their bodies here.

Jungle/Forest between Padepokan and Medang Kamulan
A heavy jungle or dense forest that Ajisaka and Dora traverse. It requires clearing of bushes and fallen trees to make a path.
Mood: arduous, determined, later anxious
Ajisaka and Dora travel through here. Ajisaka realizes he needs his pusaka and sends Dora back.

Medang Kamulan Kingdom
A kingdom suffering under the tyrannical rule of Prabu Dewata Cengkar, who consumes his subjects. It is the destination Ajisaka intends to reach.
Mood: oppressed, fearful, desperate
The reason for Ajisaka's journey; the place he intends to liberate.
Story DNA
Moral
Miscommunication and rigid adherence to conflicting instructions can lead to tragic and unintended consequences.
Plot Summary
Ajisaka, a wise man, learns of the tyrannical King Dewata Cengkar preying on his people and sets out to confront him with his loyal follower, Dora, leaving Sembodo to guard a sacred spear. Realizing he needs the spear, Ajisaka sends Dora back with strict instructions to retrieve it. However, Sembodo, bound by Ajisaka's earlier, conflicting order not to give the spear to anyone, refuses. Their unwavering loyalty to Ajisaka, coupled with the conflicting commands, leads to a tragic battle where both followers kill each other. Ajisaka returns to find them dead, filled with immense guilt, and creates the Javanese script (Hanacaraka) to immortalize their sacrifice and the profound lesson of miscommunication.
Themes
Emotional Arc
hope to tragedy to profound regret
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This legend provides a mythical origin for the Javanese script, linking its creation to a story of loyalty, tragedy, and the consequences of miscommunication. It reflects Javanese values of devotion and the importance of oral tradition in explaining cultural artifacts.
Plot Beats (14)
- Ajisaka and his two loyal followers, Dora and Sembodo, reside in a hermitage on Mount Semeru.
- A soldier from Medang Kamulan informs Ajisaka about the tyrannical King Dewata Cengkar, who preys on his people.
- Ajisaka decides to descend the mountain to help the people of Medang Kamulan.
- Ajisaka instructs Sembodo to stay and guard the hermitage and a sacred spear (Kiai Konang), forbidding him from giving it to anyone but Ajisaka.
- Ajisaka departs with Dora, leaving Sembodo behind.
- Mid-journey, Ajisaka realizes he needs the spear to defeat the king and sends Dora back to retrieve it, instructing him not to return without it.
- Dora returns to the hermitage and demands the spear from Sembodo, citing Ajisaka's new command.
- Sembodo refuses, citing Ajisaka's original command to guard the spear and not give it to anyone else.
- A heated argument ensues, as both followers are bound by their absolute loyalty and conflicting instructions.
- The argument escalates into a fierce battle between Dora and Sembodo, both being equally skilled.
- Both Dora and Sembodo tragically kill each other in the fight, fulfilling their respective, conflicting orders.
- Ajisaka, worried by Dora's prolonged absence, returns to the hermitage.
- Ajisaka discovers the bodies of his two loyal followers in the Widodaren Cave, realizing his mistake.
- Filled with profound regret and guilt, Ajisaka creates the Javanese script (Hanacaraka) to commemorate their loyalty and tragic sacrifice.





