Vasilissa the Fair

Vasilissa The Fair

VASILISSA THE FAIR.[182]

In a certain kingdom there lived a merchant. Twelve years

did he live as a married man, but he had only one child, Vasilissa

the Fair. When her mother died, the girl was eight years

old. And on her deathbed the merchant's wife called her little

daughter to her, took out from under the bed-clothes a doll,

gave it to her, and said, "Listen, Vasilissa, dear; remember

and obey these last words of mine. I am going to die. And

now, together with my parental blessing, I bequeath to you this

doll. Keep it always by you, and never show it to anybody; and

whenever any misfortune comes upon you, give the doll food,

and ask its advice. When it has fed, it will tell you a cure for

your troubles." Then the mother kissed her child and died.

After his wife's death, the merchant mourned for her a befitting

time, and then began to consider about marrying again. He

was a man of means. It wasn't a question with him of girls (with

dowries); more than all others, a certain widow took his fancy.

She was middle-aged, and had a couple of daughters of her own

just about the same age as Vasilissa. She must needs be both

a good housekeeper and an experienced mother.

Well, the merchant married the widow, but he had deceived

himself, for he did not find in her a kind mother for his

Vasilissa. Vasilissa was the prettiest girl[183] in all the

village; but her stepmother and stepsisters were jealous of her

beauty, and tormented her with every possible sort of toil, in

order that she might grow thin from over-work, and be tanned by

the sun and the wind. Her life was made a burden to her! Vasilissa

bore everything with resignation, and every day grew plumper and

prettier, while the stepmother and her daughters lost flesh and

fell off in appearance from the effects of their own spite,

notwithstanding that they always sat with folded hands like fine

ladies.

But how did that come about? Why, it was her doll that

helped Vasilissa. If it hadn't been for it, however could the

girl have got through all her work? And therefore it was that

Vasilissa would never eat all her share of a meal, but always

kept the most delicate morsel for her doll; and at night, when

all were at rest, she would shut herself up in the narrow chamber[184]

in which she slept, and feast her doll, saying[185] the while:

"There, dolly, feed; help me in my need! I live in my

father's house, but never know what pleasure is; my evil stepmother

tries to drive me out of the white world; teach me how

to keep alive, and what I ought to do."

Then the doll would eat, and afterwards give her advice, and

comfort her in her sorrow, and next day it would do all Vasilissa's

work for her. She had only to take her ease in a shady place

and pluck flowers, and yet all her work was done in good time;

the beds were weeded, and the pails were filled, and the cabbages

were watered, and the stove was heated. Moreover, the

doll showed Vasilissa herbs which prevented her from getting

sunburnt. Happily did she and her doll live together.

Several years went by. Vasilissa grew up and became old

enough to be married.[186] All the marriageable young men in the

town sent to make an offer to Vasilissa; at her stepmother's

daughters not a soul would so much as look. Her stepmother

grew even more savage than before, and replied to every

suitor--

"We won't let the younger marry before her elders."

And after the suitors had been packed off, she used to beat

Vasilissa by way of wreaking her spite.

Well, it happened one day that the merchant had to go

away from home on business for a long time. Thereupon the

stepmother went to live in another house; and near that house

was a dense forest, and in a clearing in that forest there stood

a hut,[187] and in the hut there lived a Baba Yaga. She never let

any one come near her dwelling, and she ate up people like so

many chickens.

Having moved into the new abode, the merchant's wife kept

sending her hated Vasilissa into the forest on one pretence or

another. But the girl always got home safe and sound; the

doll used to show her the way, and never let her go near the

Baba Yaga's dwelling.

The autumn season arrived. One evening the stepmother

gave out their work to the three girls; one she set to lace-making,

another to knitting socks, and the third, Vasilissa, to weaving;

and each of them had her allotted amount to do. By-and-by

she put out the lights in the house, leaving only one candle

alight where the girls were working, and then she went to bed.

The girls worked and worked. Presently the candle wanted

snuffing; one of the stepdaughters took the snuffers, as if she

were going to clear the wick, but instead of doing so, in obedience

to her mother's orders, she snuffed the candle out, pretending

to do so by accident.

"What shall we do now?" said the girls. "There isn't a

spark of fire in the house, and our tasks are not yet done. We

must go to the Baba Yaga's for a light!"

"My pins give me light enough," said the one who was making

lace. "I shan't go."

"And I shan't go, either," said the one who was knitting

socks. "My knitting-needles give me light enough."

"Vasilissa, you must go for the light," they both cried out

together; "be off to the Baba Yaga's!"

And they pushed Vasilissa out of the room.

Vasilissa went into her little closet, set before the doll a supper

which she had provided beforehand, and said:

"Now, dolly, feed, and listen to my need! I'm sent to the

Baba Yaga's for a light. The Baba Yaga will eat me!"

The doll fed, and its eyes began to glow just like a couple of

candles.

"Never fear, Vasilissa dear!" it said. "Go where you're

sent. Only take care to keep me always by you. As long as I'm

with you, no harm will come to you at the Baba Yaga's."

So Vasilissa got ready, put her doll in her pocket, crossed

herself, and went out into the thick forest.

As she walks she trembles. Suddenly a horseman gallops

by. He is white, and he is dressed in white, under him is a white

horse, and the trappings of the horse are white--and the day

begins to break.

She goes a little further, and a second rider gallops by. He

is red, dressed in red, and sitting on a red horse--and the sun

rises.

Vasilissa went on walking all night and all next day. It was

only towards the evening that she reached the clearing on which

stood the dwelling of the Baba Yaga. The fence around it was

made of dead men's bones; on the top of the fence were stuck

human skulls with eyes in them; instead of uprights at the gates

were men's legs; instead of bolts were arms; instead of a lock

was a mouth with sharp teeth.

Vasilissa was frightened out of her wits, and stood still as if

rooted to the ground.

Suddenly there rode past another horseman. He was black,

dressed all in black, and on a black horse. He galloped up to

the Baba Yaga's gate and disappeared, just as if he had sunk

through the ground--and night fell. But the darkness did not

last long. The eyes of all the skulls on the fence began to shine

and the whole clearing became as bright as if it had been midday.

Vasilissa shuddered with fear, but stopped where she was,

not knowing which way to run.

Soon there was heard in the forest a terrible roar. The trees

cracked, the dry leaves rustled; out of the forest came the Baba

Yaga, riding in a mortar, urging it on with a pestle, sweeping

away her traces with a broom. Up she drove to the gate, stopped

short, and, snuffing the air around her, cried:--

"Faugh! Faugh! I smell Russian flesh![188] Who's there?"

Vasilissa went up to the hag in a terrible fright, bowed low

before her, and said:--

"It's me, granny. My stepsisters have sent me to you for a

light."

"Very good," said the Baba Yaga; "I know them. If you'll

stop awhile with me first, and do some work for me, I'll give you

a light. But if you won't, I'll eat you!"

Then she turned to the gates, and cried:--

"Ho, thou firm fence of mine, be thou divided! And ye, wide

gates of mine, do ye fly open!"

The gates opened, and the Baba Yaga drove in, whistling as

she went, and after her followed Vasilissa; and then everything

shut to again. When they entered the sitting-room, the Baba

Yaga stretched herself out at full length, and said to Vasilissa:

"Fetch out what there is in the oven; I'm hungry."

Vasilissa lighted a splinter[189] at one of the skulls which were

on the fence, and began fetching meat from the oven and setting

it before the Baba Yaga; and meat enough had been provided

for a dozen people. Then she fetched from the cellar kvass,

mead, beer, and wine. The hag ate up everything, drank up

everything. All she left for Vasilissa was a few scraps--a crust

of bread and a morsel of sucking-pig. Then the Baba Yaga lay

down to sleep, saying:--

"When I go out to-morrow morning, mind you cleanse the

courtyard, sweep the room, cook the dinner, and get the linen

ready. Then go to the corn-bin, take out four quarters of wheat,

and clear it of other seed.[190] And mind you have it all done--if

you don't, I shall eat you!"

After giving these orders the Baba Yaga began to snore. But

Vasilissa set the remnants of the hag's supper before her doll,

burst into tears, and said:--

"Now, dolly, feed, listen to my need! The Baba Yaga has

set me a heavy task, and threatens to eat me if I don't do it all.

Do help me!"

The doll replied:

"Never fear, Vasilissa the Fair! Sup, say your prayers, and

go to bed. The morning is wiser than the evening!"

Vasilissa awoke very early, but the Baba Yaga was already up.

She looked out of the window. The light in the skull's eyes was

going out. All of a sudden there appeared the white horseman,

and all was light. The Baba Yaga went out into the courtyard and

whistled--before her appeared a mortar with a pestle and a broom.

The red horseman appeared--the sun rose. The Baba Yaga

seated herself in the mortar, and drove out of the courtyard,

shooting herself along with the pestle, sweeping away her traces

with the broom.

Vasilissa was left alone, so she examined the Baba Yaga's

house, wondered at the abundance there was in everything, and

remained lost in thought as to which work she ought to take to

first. She looked up; all her work was done already. The doll

had cleared the wheat to the very last grain.

"Ah, my preserver!" cried Vasilissa, "you've saved me

from danger!"

"All you've got to do now is to cook the dinner," answered

the doll, slipping into Vasilissa's pocket. "Cook away, in God's

name, and then take some rest for your health's sake!"

Towards evening Vasilissa got the table ready, and awaited

the Baba Yaga. It began to grow dusky; the black rider appeared

for a moment at the gate, and all grew dark. Only the

eyes of the skulls sent forth their light. The trees began to

crack, the leaves began to rustle, up drove the Baba Yaga.

Vasilissa went out to meet her.

"Is everything done?" asks the Yaga.

"Please to look for yourself, granny!" says Vasilissa.

The Baba Yaga examined everything, was vexed that there

was nothing to be angry about, and said:

"Well, well! very good!"

Afterwards she cried:

"My trusty servants, zealous friends, grind this my wheat!"

There appeared three pairs of hands, which gathered up the

wheat, and carried it out of sight. The Baba Yaga supped, went

to bed, and again gave her orders to Vasilissa:

"Do just the same to-morrow as to-day; only besides that take

out of the bin the poppy seed that is there, and clean the earth

off it grain by grain. Some one or other, you see, has mixed a

lot of earth with it out of spite." Having said this, the hag turned

to the wall and began to snore, and Vasilissa took to feeding her

doll. The doll fed, and then said to her what it had said the

day before:

"Pray to God, and go to sleep. The morning is wiser than the

evening. All shall be done, Vasilissa dear!"

The next morning the Baba Yaga again drove out of the courtyard

in her mortar, and Vasilissa and her doll immediately did

all the work. The hag returned, looked at everything, and cried,

"My trusty servants, zealous friends, press forth oil from the

poppy seed!"

Three pairs of hands appeared, gathered up the poppy seed,

and bore it out of sight. The Baba Yaga sat down to dinner.

She ate, but Vasilissa stood silently by.

"Why don't you speak to me?" said the Baba Yaga; "there

you stand like a dumb creature!"

"I didn't dare," answered Vasilissa; "but if you give me

leave, I should like to ask you about something."

"Ask away; only it isn't every question that brings good.

'Get much to know, and old soon you'll grow.'"

"I only want to ask you, granny, about something I saw. As

I was coming here, I was passed by one riding on a white horse;

he was white himself, and dressed in white. Who was he?"

"That was my bright Day!" answered the Baba Yaga.

"Afterwards there passed me another rider, on a red horse;

red himself, and all in red clothes. Who was he?"

"That was my red Sun!"[191] answered the Baba Yaga.

"And who may be the black rider, granny, who passed by

me just at your gate?"

"That was my dark Night; they are all trusty servants of

mine."

Vasilissa thought of the three pairs of hands, but held her

peace.

"Why don't you go on asking?" said the Baba Yaga.

"That's enough for me, granny. You said yourself, 'Get

too much to know, old you'll grow!'"

"It's just as well," said the Baba Yaga, "that you've only

asked about what you saw out of doors, not indoors! In my house

I hate having dirt carried out of doors;[192] and as to over-inquisitive

people--well, I eat them. Now I'll ask you something.

How is it you manage to do the work I set you to do?"

"My mother's blessing assists me," replied Vasilissa.

"Eh! eh! what's that? Get along out of my house, you

bless'd daughter. I don't want bless'd people."

She dragged Vasilissa out of the room, pushed her outside

the gates, took one of the skulls with blazing eyes from the

fence, stuck it on a stick, gave it to her and said:

"Lay hold of that. It's a light you can take to your stepsisters.

That's what they sent you here for, I believe."

Home went Vasilissa at a run, lit by the skull, which went out

only at the approach of the dawn; and at last, on the evening

of the second day, she reached home. When she came to the

gate, she was going to throw away the skull.

"Surely," thinks she, "they can't be still in want of a light

at home." But suddenly a hollow voice issued from the skull,

saying:

"Throw me not away. Carry me to your stepmother!"

She looked at her stepmother's house, and not seeing a light

in a single window, she determined to take the skull in there

with her. For the first time in her life she was cordially received

by her stepmother and stepsisters, who told her that from the

moment she went away they hadn't had a spark of fire in the

house. They couldn't strike a light themselves anyhow, and

whenever they brought one in from a neighbor's, it went out as

soon as it came into the room.

"Perhaps your light will keep in!" said the stepmother. So

they carried the skull into the sitting-room. But the eyes of the

skull so glared at the stepmother and her daughters--shot forth

such flames! They would fain have hidden themselves, but run

where they would, everywhere did the eyes follow after them.

By the morning they were utterly burnt to cinders. Only Vasilissa

was none the worse.[193]

  [Next morning Vasilissa "buried the skull," locked up

  the house and took up her quarters in a neighboring

  town. After a time she began to work. Her doll made

  her a glorious loom, and by the end of the winter she

  had weaved a quantity of linen so fine that it might

  be passed like thread through the eye of a needle. In

  the spring, after it had been bleached, Vasilissa made

  a present of it to the old woman with whom she lodged.

  The crone presented it to the king, who ordered it to

  be made into shirts. But no seamstress could be found

  to make them up, until the linen was entrusted to

  Vasilissa. When a dozen shirts were ready, Vasilissa

  sent them to the king, and as soon as her carrier had

  started, "she washed herself, and combed her hair, and

  dressed herself, and sat down at the window." Before

  long there arrived a messenger demanding her instant

  appearance at court. And "when she appeared before the

  royal eyes," the king fell desperately in love with

  her.



  "No; my beauty!" said he, "never will I part with

  thee; thou shalt be my wife." So he married her; and

  by-and-by her father returned, and took up his abode

  with her. "And Vasilissa took the old woman into her

  service, and as for the doll--to the end of her life

  she always carried it in her pocket."]

The puppet which plays so important a part in this story is worthy of

a special examination. It is called in the original a Kùkla (dim.

Kùkolka), a word designating any sort of puppet or other figure

representing either man or beast. In a Little-Russian variant[194] of

one of those numerous stories, current in all lands, which commence

with the escape of the heroine from an incestuous union, a priest

insists on marrying his daughter. She goes to her mother's grave and

weeps there. Her dead mother "comes out from her grave," and tells her

what to do. The girl obtains from her father a rough dress of pig's

skin, and two sets of gorgeous apparel; the former she herself

assumes, in the latter she dresses up three Kuklui, which in this

instance were probably mere blocks of wood. Then she takes her place

in the midst of the dressed-up forms, which cry, one after the other,

"Open, O moist earth, that the fair maiden may enter within thee!" The

earth opens, and all four sink into it.

This introduction is almost identical with that prefixed to the German

story of "Allerleirauh,"[195] except in so far as the puppets are

concerned.

Sometimes it is a brother, instead of a father, from whom the heroine

is forced to flee. Thus in the story of Kniaz Danila Govorila,[196]

Prince Daniel the Talker is bent upon marrying his sister, pleading

the excuse so often given in stories on this theme, namely, that she

is the only maiden whose finger will fit the magic ring which is to

indicate to him his destined wife. While she is weeping "like a

river," some old women of the mendicant-pilgrim class come to her

rescue, telling her to make four Kukolki, or small puppets, and to

place one of them in each corner of her room. She does as they tell

her. The wedding day arrives, the marriage service is performed in the

church, and then the bride hastens back to the room. When she is

called for--says the story--the puppets in the four corners begin to

coo.[197]

"Kuku! Prince Danila!

"Kuku! Govorila.

"Kuku! He wants to marry,

"Kuku! His own sister.

"Kuku! Split open, O Earth!

"Kuku! Sister, disappear!"

The earth opens, and the girl slowly sinks into it. Twice again the

puppets sing their song, and at the end of its third performance, the

earth closes over the head of the rescued bride. Presently in rushes

the irritated bridegroom. "No bride is to be seen; only in the corners

sit the puppets singing away to themselves." He flies into a passion,

seizes a hatchet, chops off their heads, and flings them into the

fire.[198]

In another version of the same story[199] a son is ordered by his

parents to marry his sister after their death. They die, and he tells

her to get ready to be married. But she has prepared three puppets,

and when she goes into her room to dress for the wedding, she says to

them:

"O Kukolki, (cry) Kuku!"

The first asks, "Why?"

The second replies, "Because the brother his sister takes."

The third says, "Split open, O Earth! disappear, O sister!"

All this is said three times, and then the earth opens, and the girl

sinks "into that world."

In two other Russian versions of the same story, the sister escapes by

natural means. In the first[200] she runs away and hides in the hollow

of an oak. In the second[201] she persuades a fisherman to convey her

across a sea or lake. In a Polish version[202] the sister obtains a

magic car, which sinks underground with her, while the spot on which

she has spat replies to every summons which is addressed to her.[203]

Before taking leave of the Baba Yaga, we may glance at a malevolent

monster, who seems to be her male counterpart. He appears, however, to

be known in South Russia only. Here is an outline of the contents of

the solitary story in which he is mentioned. There were two old folks

with whom lived two orphan grandchildren, charming little girls. One

day the youngest child was sent to drive the sparrows away from her

grandfather's pease. While she was thus engaged the forest began to

roar, and out from it came Verlioka, "of vast stature, one-eyed,

crook-nosed, bristly-headed, with tangled beard and moustaches half an

ell long, and with a wooden boot on his one foot, supporting himself

on a crutch, and giving vent to a terrible laughter." And Verlioka

caught sight of the little girl and immediately killed her with his

crutch. And afterwards he killed her sister also, and then the old

grandmother. The grandfather, however, managed to escape with his

life, and afterwards, with the help of a drake and other aiders, he

wreaked his vengeance on the murderous Verlioka.[204]

We will now turn to another female embodiment of evil, frequently

mentioned in the Skazkas--the Witch.[205] She so closely resembles the

Baba Yaga both in disposition and in behavior, that most of the

remarks which have been made about that wild being apply to her also.

In many cases, indeed, we find that one version of a story will allot

to a Baba Yaga the part which in another version is played by a Witch.

The name which she bears--that of Vyed'ma--is a misnomer; it

properly belongs either to the "wise woman," or prophetess, of old

times, or to her modern representative, the woman to whom Russian

superstition attributes the faculties and functions ascribed in olden

days by most of our jurisprudents, in more recent times by a few of

our rustics, to our own witch. The supernatural being who, in

folk-tales, sways the elements and preys upon mankind, is most

inadequately designated by such names as Vyed'ma, Hexe, or

Witch, suggestive as those now homely terms are of merely human,

though diabolically intensified malevolence. Far more in keeping with

the vastness of her powers, and the vagueness of her outline, are the

titles of Baba Yaga, Lamia, Striga, Troll-Wife, Ogress, or Dragoness,

under which she figures in various lands. And therefore it is in her

capacity of Baba Yaga, rather than in that of Vyed'ma, that we

desire to study the behavior of the Russian equivalent for the

terrible female form which figures in the Anglo-Saxon poem as the

Mother of Grendel.

From among the numerous stories relating to the Vyed'ma we may

select the following, which bears her name.